Prediction of Stroke Outcome in Mice Based on Noninvasive MRI and Behavioral Testing.

BACKGROUND: Prediction of poststroke outcome using the degree of subacute deficit or magnetic resonance imaging is well studied in humans. While mice are the most commonly used animals in preclinical stroke research, systematic analysis of outcome predictors is lacking. METHODS: We intended to incorporate heterogeneity into our retrospective study to broaden the applicability of our findings and prediction tools. We therefore analyzed the effect of 30, 45, and 60 minutes of arterial occlusion on the variance of stroke volumes. Next, we built a heterogeneous cohort of 215 mice using data from 15 studies that included 45 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and various genotypes. Motor function was measured using a modified protocol for the staircase test of skilled reaching. Phases of subacute and residual deficit were defined. Magnetic resonance images of stroke lesions were coregistered on the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas to characterize stroke topology. Different random forest prediction models that either used motor-functional deficit or imaging parameters were generated for the subacute and residual deficits. RESULTS: Variance of stroke volumes was increased by 45 minutes of arterial occlusion compared with 60 minutes. The inclusion of various genotypes enhanced heterogeneity further. We detected both a subacute and residual motor-functional deficit after stroke in mice and different recovery trajectories could be observed. In mice with small cortical lesions, lesion volume was the best predictor of the subacute deficit. The residual deficit could be predicted most accurately by the degree of the subacute deficit. When using imaging parameters for the prediction of the residual deficit, including information about the lesion topology increased prediction accuracy. A subset of anatomic regions within the ischemic lesion had particular impact on the prediction of long-term outcomes. Prediction accuracy depended on the degree of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, we developed and validated a robust tool for the prediction of functional outcomes after experimental stroke in mice using a large and genetically heterogeneous cohort. These results are discussed in light of study design and imaging limitations. In the future, using outcome prediction can improve the design of preclinical studies and guide intervention decisions.

Bihemispheric network dynamics coordinating vocal feedback control.

Modulation of vocal pitch is a key speech feature that conveys important linguistic and affective information. Auditory feedback is used to monitor and maintain pitch. We examined induced neural high gamma power (HGP) (65-150 Hz) using magnetoencephalography during pitch feedback control. Participants phonated into a microphone while hearing their auditory feedback through headphones. During each phonation, a single real-time 400 ms pitch shift was applied to the auditory feedback. Participants compensated by rapidly changing their pitch to oppose the pitch shifts. This behavioral change required coordination of the neural speech motor control network, including integration of auditory and somatosensory feedback to initiate change in motor plans. We found increases in HGP across both hemispheres within 200 ms of pitch shifts, covering left sensory and right premotor, parietal, temporal, and frontal regions, involved in sensory detection and processing of the pitch shift. Later responses to pitch shifts (200-300 ms) were right dominant, in parietal, frontal, and temporal regions. Timing of activity in these regions indicates their role in coordinating motor change and detecting and processing of the sensory consequences of this change. Subtracting out cortical responses during passive listening to recordings of the phonations isolated HGP increases specific to speech production, highlighting right parietal and premotor cortex, and left posterior temporal cortex involvement in the motor response. Correlation of HGP with behavioral compensation demonstrated right frontal region involvement in modulating participant's compensatory response. This study highlights the bihemispheric sensorimotor cortical network involvement in auditory feedback-based control of vocal pitch.

Robotic measurement of arm movements after stroke establishes biomarkers of motor recovery.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because robotic devices record the kinematics and kinetics of human movements with high resolution, we hypothesized that robotic measures collected longitudinally in patients after stroke would bear a significant relationship to standard clinical outcome measures and, therefore, might provide superior biomarkers. METHODS: In patients with moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke, we used clinical scales and robotic devices to measure arm movement 7, 14, 21, 30, and 90 days after the event at 2 clinical sites. The robots are interactive devices that measure speed, position, and force so that calculated kinematic and kinetic parameters could be compared with clinical assessments. RESULTS: Among 208 patients, robotic measures predicted well the clinical measures (cross-validated R(2) of modified Rankin scale=0.60; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale=0.63; Fugl-Meyer=0.73; Motor Power=0.75). When suitably scaled and combined by an artificial neural network, the robotic measures demonstrated greater sensitivity in measuring the recovery of patients from day 7 to day 90 (increased standardized effect=1.47). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that robotic measures of motor performance will more than adequately capture outcome, and the altered effect size will reduce the required sample size. Reducing sample size will likely improve study efficiency.

Sensory and sensorimotor features in violinists and violists with neck pain.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sensory and sensorimotor function in violin and viola players with and without neck pain. DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. SETTING: University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of violin players with playing-related neck pain (n=22), violinists without neck pain (n=21), and healthy nonmusician comparison subjects (n=21). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures include thermal pain thresholds (cold and heat) and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) over the cervical spine and over a remote region (tibialis anterior muscle). Motor performance tests including reaction times, speed of movement, accuracy, coordination, and tapping speed assessed with a special upper-limb test battery. RESULTS: Musicians with neck pain had significantly lower heat and elevated cold pain thresholds as well as lower PPTs over C5-6 (P<.01) and over the tibialis anterior (P<.05). Motor performance tests revealed no differences between the symptomatic and asymptomatic musicians and nonmusician comparison groups (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Violin players with neck pain demonstrated signs of sensory impairment, suggesting that playing-related neck pain may be associated with augmented central pain processing consistent with findings in other neck pain groups. No differences were evident in the motor performance tests. Fine motor skills of violin players may be better assessed in the context of playing their musical instruments before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the presence or not of sensorimotor impairments in this group of musicians with playing-related neck pain.

Finger Tapping as a Biomarker to Classify Cognitive Status in 80+-Year-Olds.

This study examined the association between finger tapping and cognitive function in a group of 225 elderly participants (116 males; age 79-92 years; M = 82.5; SD = 2.4). Finger tapping was assessed in two conditions: self-selected pace and fast pace. Based on cognitive assessments, including the MoCA and CERA-NP test battery, participants were classified as cognitively healthy individuals (CHI), participants with mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and those with possible MCI (pMCI). Results of the analyses show significant differences between groups, sex and the group × sex interaction in four parameters for the self-selected pace condition and eight parameters for the fast pace condition. These parameters were used for classification by means of linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The first LDA component showed significant differences between CHI and pMCI and between CHI and MCI. Furthermore, the second LDA component showed significant differences between CHI and pMCI as well as between pMCI and MCI. Nevertheless, the algorithm correctly classified only 50% of participants, regardless of group, suggesting that tapping parameters are only partially useful for classification in early stages of dementia. We discuss these findings in terms of the diadochokinetic nature of finger tapping as associated with the age-related degeneration of cortical and subcortical motor areas.

The effects of supervised and non-supervised upper limb virtual reality exercises on upper limb sensory-motor functions in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Impairments of upper limb (UL) sensory-motor functions are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Virtual reality exercises may improve sensory-motor functions in a safe environment and can be used in tele-rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supervised and non-supervised UL virtual reality exercises (ULVRE) on UL sensory-motor functions in patients with idiopathic PD. METHODS: In this clinical trial study, 45 patients with idiopathic PD (29 male) by mean ± SD age of 58.64 ± 8.69 years were randomly allocated to either the control group (conventional rehabilitation exercises), supervised ULVRE or non-supervised ULVRE. Interventions were 24 sessions, 3 sessions/week. Before/after of interventions and follow-up period all assessment was done. Hand Active Sensation Test and Wrist Position Sense Test were used for assessing UL sensory function. Gross and fine manual dexterity were assessed by Box-Block Test and Nine-Hole Peg Test, respectively. Grip and pinch strength were evaluated by a dynamometer and pinch gauge, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed significant improvement in discriminative sensory function (HAST-weight and HAST-total), wrist proprioception, gross manual dexterity and grip strength of both less and more affected hands as well as fine manual dexterity of the more affected hand in the three groups in patients with idiopathic PD (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that both supervised and non-supervised ULVRE using the Kinect device might potentially improve some aspects of UL sensory-motor functions in patients with PD. Therefore, ULVRE using the Kinect device can be used in tele-rehabilitation, especially in the current limitations induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, for improving UL functions in patients with PD.

Comparing CST Lesion Metrics as Biomarkers for Recovery of Motor and Proprioceptive Impairments After Stroke.

Background. Corticospinal tract (CST) damage is considered a biomarker for stroke recovery. Several methods have been used to define CST damage and examine its relationship to motor performance, but which method is most useful remains unclear. Proprioceptive impairment also affects stroke recovery and may be related to CST damage. Methods. Robotic assessment quantified upper-limb motor and proprioceptive performance at 2 weeks and 6 months poststroke (n = 149). Three previously-established CST lesion metrics were calculated using clinical neuroimaging. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging quantified CST microstructure in a subset of participants (n = 21). Statistical region of interest (sROI) analysis identified lesion locations associated with motor and proprioceptive deficits. Results. CST lesion metrics were moderately correlated with motor scores at 2 weeks and 6 months poststroke. CST fractional anisotropy (FA) was correlated with motor scores at 1 month poststroke, but not at 6 months. The FA ratio of the posterior limb of the internal capsule was not correlated with motor performance. CST lesion metrics were moderately correlated with proprioceptive scores at 2 weeks and 6 months poststroke. sROI analysis confirmed that CST damage was associated with motor and proprioceptive deficits and additionally found that putamen, internal capsule, and corticopontocerebellar tract lesions were associated with poor motor performance. Conclusions. Across all methods used to quantify CST damage, correlations with motor or proprioceptive performance were moderate at best. Future research is needed to identify complementary or alternative biomarkers to address the complexity and heterogeneity of stroke recovery.

The effects of trunk extensor and abdominal muscle fatigue on postural control and trunk proprioception in young, healthy individuals.

The purpose of this study was to induce both trunk extensor and abdominal muscle fatigue, on separate occasions, and compare their effects on standing postural control and trunk proprioception, as well as look at the effects of a recovery period on these outcome measures. A total of 20 individuals participated, with 10 (5 males and 5 females) completing either a standing postural control or lumbar axial repositioning protocol. Participants completed their randomly assigned protocol on two occasions, separated by at least 4  days, with either their trunk extensor or abdominal muscles being fatigued on either day. Postural control centre of pressure variables and trunk proprioception errors were compared pre- and post-fatigue. Results showed that both trunk extensor and abdominal muscle fatigue significantly degraded standing postural control immediately post-fatigue, with recovery occurring within 2 min post-fatigue. In general, these degradative effects on postural control appeared to be greater when the trunk extensor muscles were fatigued compared to the abdominal muscles. No statistically significant changes in trunk proprioception were found after either fatigue protocol. The present findings demonstrate our body's ability to quickly adapt and reweight somatosensory information to maintain postural control and trunk proprioception, as well as illustrate the importance of considering the abdominal muscles, along with the trunk extensor muscles, when considering the impact of fatigue on trunk movement and postural control.

Effects of vibration training on upper limbs of volleyball players / Efeitos do treinamento vibratório sobre os membros superiores dos jogadores de voleibol / Efectos del entrenamiento con vibraciones en las extremidades superiores de los jugadores de voleibol

ABSTRACT Introduction: The research on vibration training has experienced a period of development in many projects, such as badminton, handball, long jump, and volleyball. However, there is still no quantitative research evaluation of its effects on the development of shoulder, elbow, and upper limb muscle strength in volleyball athletes. It is believed that a specific training protocol with vibration may bring benefits to sensory-motor performance and muscle strength implementation in volleyball athletes. Objective: To study the effects of vibration training on upper limb function in volleyball players. Methods: Literature, experimental, and mathematical-statistical research methods were used to explore the relationship between vibration training under the muscle strength of the upper limbs and their joints. Results: The vibration training with an amplitude of 2mm, at a vibration frequency between 30Hz and 45Hz, the frequency of vibration training presented inversely proportional to the effect of vibration training. Conclusion: Vibration training showed the benefits of motor coordination and increased muscle strength in volleyball players. An appropriate vibration training strategy can maximize athletes' skills, such as body coordination, flexibility, and jumping ability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A pesquisa sobre o treinamento por vibração experimentou um período de desenvolvimento sendo aplicada em muitos projetos como badminton, handebol, salto em distância e voleibol. Entretanto, ainda não há uma avaliação quantitativa da pesquisa sobre seus efeitos em ombro, cotovelo e sobre o desenvolvimento de força muscular nos membros superiores dos atletas de voleibol. Acredita-se que um protocolo de treino específico com vibração possa trazer benefícios ao desempenho sensório-motor e implementação de força muscular nos atletas de voleibol. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento por vibração sobre a função dos membros superiores dos jogadores de vôlei. Métodos: Utilizou-se métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica, experimental e estatística matemática para explorar a relação entre o treinamento vibratório sob a força muscular dos membros superiores e suas articulações. Resultados: O treinamento vibratório com amplitude de 2mm, numa frequência de vibração entre 30Hz e 45Hz, a frequência do treinamento vibratório apresentou-se inversamente proporcional ao efeito do treinamento vibratório. Conclusão: O treinamento vibratório mostrou benefícios de coordenação motora e aumento de força muscular nos jogadores de voleibol. Uma estratégia adequada de treinamento por vibração pode maximizar as habilidades dos atletas, tais como coordenação corporal, flexibilidade e habilidade de salto. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La investigación sobre el entrenamiento con vibraciones ha experimentado un periodo de desarrollo aplicándose en muchos proyectos como el bádminton, el balonmano, el salto de longitud y el voleibol. Sin embargo, todavía no hay una evaluación cuantitativa de la investigación sobre sus efectos en el hombro, el codo y en el desarrollo de la fuerza muscular en las extremidades superiores de los atletas de voleibol. Se cree que un protocolo de entrenamiento específico con vibración puede aportar beneficios al rendimiento sensomotor y a la implementación de la fuerza muscular en los atletas de voleibol. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento con vibraciones sobre la función de las extremidades superiores en jugadores de voleibol. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos de investigación literarios, experimentales y estadísticos matemáticos para explorar la relación entre el entrenamiento con vibración bajo la fuerza muscular de los miembros superiores y sus articulaciones. Resultados: El entrenamiento vibratorio con amplitud de 2mm, en una frecuencia de vibración entre 30Hz y 45Hz, la frecuencia del entrenamiento vibratorio se presentó inversamente proporcional al efecto del entrenamiento vibratorio. Conclusión: El entrenamiento con vibraciones mostró beneficios de coordinación motora y aumento de la fuerza muscular en jugadores de voleibol. Una estrategia adecuada de entrenamiento con vibraciones puede maximizar las habilidades de los atletas, como la coordinación corporal, la flexibilidad y la capacidad de salto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Shoulder rotator strength and torque steadiness in athletes with anterior shoulder instability or SLAP lesion.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate shoulder rotator strength and steadiness in athletes with anterior instability and superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion. DESIGN: Cross-sectional laboratory study. METHODS: Athletes with anterior shoulder instability (instability group, n=10) and a SLAP lesion (SLAP group, n=10) were compared with healthy athletes matched by age, anthropometrics and sport (control group for shoulder instability, n=10 and control group for SLAP, n=10). Torque steadiness was evaluated with three 10s submaximal isometric contractions (35% of peak torque) with the arm at 90° of shoulder abduction and 90° of external rotation. The mean isometric torque, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were measured from the steadiness trials. To evaluate shoulder rotator strength, concentric isokinetic tests (90°/s, 180°/s) were performed at the 90-90° position and peak torque to body mass and shoulder external to internal rotation ratio variables were analyzed. The variables were tested with the instability and control groups with respect to shoulder instability and between the SLAP and control groups for SLAP lesion using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The SLAP group presented a higher coefficient of variation than the SLAP control group (p=0.003). Regarding shoulder strength, the internal and external shoulder rotators were weaker in the instability group than in the instability control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Athletes with anterior shoulder instability presented shoulder rotation weakness, while athletes with a SLAP lesion showed higher torque fluctuation during internal rotation. These results indicate that there are different alterations to strength and sensory motor control in each condition.

Frequency domain mediolateral balance assessment using a center of pressure tracking task.

Since impaired mediolateral balance can increase fall risk, especially in the elderly, its quantification and training might be a powerful preventive tool. We propose a visual tracking task (VTT) with increasing frequencies (.3-2.0Hz) and with center of pressure as visual feedback as an assessment method. This mediolateral balance assessment (MELBA) consists of two tasks, tracking a predictable target signal to determine physical capacity and tracking an unpredictable target signal to determine sensorimotor integration limitations. Within and between sessions learning effects and reliability in balance performance descriptors in both tasks were studied in 20 young adults. Balance performance was expressed as the phase-shift (PS) and gain (G) between the target and CoP in the frequency domain and cut-off frequencies at which the performance dropped. Results showed significant differences between the MELBA tasks in PS and G indicating a lower delay and higher accuracy in tracking the predictable target. Significant within and between sessions learning effects for the same measures were found only for the unpredictable task. Reliability of the cut-off frequencies at which PS and G performance declined and the average values within cut-off frequencies was fair to good (ICC .46-.66) for the unpredictable task and fair to excellent for the predictable task (ICC .68-.87). In conclusion, MELBA can reliably quantify balance performance using a predictable VTT. Additionally, the unpredictable tasks can give insight into the visuomotor integration mechanisms controlling balance and highlights MELBA's potential as a training tool.

Comparação do equilíbrio dinâmico entre praticantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu com diferentes níveis de experiência / Comparison of dynamic balance between Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners with different levels of experience

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o equilíbrio dinâmico em praticantes experientes e iniciantes de Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) e grupo controle. A amostra do presente estudo foi composta por 34 participantes, com idades entre 20 e 42 anos, divididos em três grupos: 10 praticantes de BJJ Experientes, 12 praticantes de BJJ Iniciantes e 12 não praticantes de BJJ que compuseram o grupo controle. A tarefa do protocolo consistiu na busca do equilíbrio sobre um estabilômetro, com o objetivo de manter a plataforma o mais perto possível da posição horizontal (ângulo de 0 a 3º de desvio máximo) durante cada tentativa de 90 segundos. Os resultados demonstram diferenças significativas entre os grupos [F(2,31) = 30,24; p < 0,001]. Através dos testes de "post-hoc" foram detectadas diferenças entre o grupo Experientes (46 ± 14 s) e os outros dois grupos, Iniciantes (25 ± 6 s, p < 0,001) e Grupo Controle (19 ± 4 s, p < 0,001). Todavia, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os Grupo Controle e Iniciantes (p = 0,421). Os resultados sugerem que o tempo de prática de BJJ pode influenciar no desempenho do controle do equilíbrio.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the dynamic balance in experienced and beginners practitioners of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) and control group. The sample was composed by 34 participants with ages ranging between 20 and 42 years old, divided into three groups: 10 experienced BJJ practitioners, 12 beginners BJJ practitioners and 12 non-practitioners of BJJ that composed the control group. The task of the protocol consisted on the search for balance over a stabilometer, aiming at keeping the platform as close as possible of the horizontal position during each attempt. The results show significant differences among the groups [F(2.31) = 30,24; p < 0.001]. The post-hoc test revealed differences among the experienced BJJ group (46 ± 14 s) and the other groups (Beginners BJJ: 25 ± 6 s, p < 0.001; Control group: 19 ± 4 s, p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between control and beginners BJJ groups (p = 0.421). The results suggest that the time of BJJ practice may influence on the balance control performance.

Efeitos das intervenções psicomotoras no equilíbrio do idoso com déficit cognitivo leve: quase experimento / Effects of psychomotor interventions on the balance of elderly with mild cognitive deficit: nearly experiment

Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com uma abordagem quase experimental, cujo objetivo geral foi analisar os efeitos das atividades psicomotoras para o equilíbrio em idosos com distúrbio cognitivo leve e os objetivos específicos foram identificar o déficit psicomotor nos idosos com Déficit Cognitivo Leve utilizando a Escala Motora para a Terceira Idade (EMTI) e a Escala de Tinetti; implementar atividades e exercícios psicomotores para o idoso com Déficit Cognitivo Leve visando a melhora dos fatores psicomotores com ênfase ao equilíbrio e marcha; comparar as condições psicomotoras dos idosos com Déficit Cognitivo Leve antes e após a implementação de atividades e exercícios psicomotores. A pesquisa foi realizada em um período de 4 (quatro) meses, com início em abril de 2014 e término em julho de 2014. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 43 idosos de duas instituições públicas, na faixa etária entre 64 a 88 anos, 86,04% do sexo feminino. O estudo desenvolveu metas que foram cumpridas de acordo com a Teoria do Alcance de Metas de Imogene King. Foi aplicado o MEEM (Mini Exame do Estado Mental) em todos os idosos para avaliação da memória. Para avaliar os parâmetros motores foi utilizada a Escala Motora para Terceira Idade (EMTI) e para avaliar o Equilíbrio e a Marcha, a Escala de Tinetti; foi utilizado também o Diário de Quedas do Idoso. As escalas foram aplicadas antes e após a implementação das atividades psicomotoras, que foram realizadas durante 10 (dez) sessões. Nos resultados, utilizou-se do software estatístico SAS versão 9.3.1, tal que primeiramente realizou-se uma análise descritiva dos dados, dividindo em primeira medida (primeira avaliação) e segunda medida (segunda avaliação). A avaliação do MEEM mostrou 15 (quinze), 34,88%, dos idosos avaliados apresentaram sinais sugestivos de déficit cognitivo. Resultados relacionados ao desempenho dos idosos nos parâmetros motores Motricidade Fina, Organização Espacial e Organização temporal, tanto na primeira como na segunda medidas apresentaram bons resultados e ficaram na classificação normal médio da EMTI. No entanto, na primeira avaliação, os parâmetros Motricidade Global, obteve média de 34,88 pontos, equivalente a classificação muito inferior; o Esquema Corporal com média de 76,46 pontos correspondeu a classificação inferior; e também o Equilíbrio com média de 79,81 pontos ficou na classificação inferior. Estes resultados corresponderam aos resultados do Equilíbrio e Marcha da Escala de Tinetti, que apresentou 22 (51,16%) idosos com média de 17,22 pontos e ficaram, segundo a escala, com alto risco para quedas. Os resultados destas escalas foram corroborados com os resultados do Diário de Quedas dos Idosos, onde 26 (60,47%) idosos sofreram 52 quedas, sendo que 33 (63,46%) quedas ocorreram por desequilíbrios e 31 (59,62%) quedas foram na rua. Na segunda avaliação após as atividades implementadas, os idosos apresentaram melhores resultados com mudança da classificação de acordo com os escores, exceto a Motricidade Global, que permaneceu na classificação muito inferior. No entanto, o Esquema Corporal mudou para a classificação normal baixo com média de 86,93 pontos, o Equilíbrio mudou da classificação inferior para normal médio com média de 92,37 pontos. O Equilíbrio e marcha da Escala de Tinetti apresentou aumento em seus escores e a maioria dos idosos, 28 (65,11%), ficaram com risco moderado para quedas segundo a escala. Concluiu-se com os resultados na segunda medida, que as metas foram alcançadas e a hipótese de que o exercício de estimulação psicomotora favorece o equilíbrio de idosos com distúrbio cognitivo leve foi confirmada

This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental approach, whose general objective was to analyze the effects of psychomotor activities for balance in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment and specific objectives were to identify the psychomotor deficit in the elderly with mild cognitive deficit using the Scale motor for the Elderly (EMTI) and the Tinetti scale; implement activities and psychomotor exercises for the elderly with Mild Cognitive Deficit aimed at improving the psychomotor factors with emphasis on balance and gait; compare psychomotor conditions of elderly people with Mild Cognitive Deficit before and after the implementation of activities and psychomotor exercises. The survey was conducted over a period of four (4) months, starting in April 2014 and ending in July 2014. The study subjects were 43 elderly two public institutions, aged between 64 and 88 years, 86, 04% female. The study developed goals that were performed in accordance with the Scope of the Theory of Imogene King Goals. The MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) in all the elderly to assess memory was applied. To evaluate the motor parameters we used the Motor Scale for the Elderly (EMTI) and to assess the balance and the March, the Tinetti Scale; we used the Elderly Falls Journal. The scales were applied before and after the implementation of psychomotor activities, which were performed for 10 (ten) sessions. In the results, we used the SAS statistical software version 9.3.1, such that first carried out a descriptive analysis of data, sharing in a first step (first evaluation) and second measurement (second evaluation). The assessment of the MMSE was 15 (fifteen), 34.88% of the sample respectively showed signs suggestive of cognitive impairment. Results related to the performance of the elderly in the parameters Motricity Thin engines, Space Organization and temporal organization, both in the first and second measurements showed good results and were in the normal average rating of EMTI. However, the first evaluation, the Global Kinetics parameters obtained an average of 34.88 points, equivalent to much lower rating; the Body Scheme averaging 76.46 points corresponded to a lower classification; and also the balance with an average of 79.81 points was in a lower classification. These results corresponded to the results of Balance and Gait Tinetti Scale, which showed 22 (51.16%) elderly with an average of 17.22 points and were, according to the scale at high risk for falls. The results of these scales were corroborated by the results of the Seniors' Falls Gazette, where 26 (60.47%) elderly suffered 52 falls, of which 33 (63.46%) decreases occurred by imbalances and 31 (59.62%) falls were in the street. In the second evaluation after the implemented activities, the elderly showed better results with rating change according to the scores, except the Global Mobility, which remained much lower rating. However, the Body Scheme moved to low normal rating with an average of 86.93 points, the balance changed the lower rating for average normal with an average of 92.37 points. The Balance and Gait Tinetti Scale showed an increase in their scores and most elderly, 28 (65.11%) were at moderate risk for falls under the scale. Concluded with the results in the second measure, which targets have been achieved and the hypothesis that the psychomotor stimulation exercise favors the balance of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment was confirmed

Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo con un enfoque cuasi-experimental, cuyo objetivo general fue analizar los efectos de las actividades psicomotrices para mantener el equilibrio en las personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve y objetivos específicos fueron identificar el déficit psicomotor en los ancianos con déficit cognitivo leve utilizando la Escala motor para Ancianos (EMTI) y la escala de Tinetti; implementar actividades y ejercicios psicomotrices para los ancianos con déficit cognitivo leve destinado a mejorar los factores psicomotrices con énfasis en el equilibrio y la marcha; comparar las condiciones psicomotrices de personas mayores con déficit cognitivo leve antes y después de la ejecución de las actividades y ejercicios psicomotores. La encuesta se llevó a cabo durante un período de cuatro (4) meses, a partir de abril de 2014 y termina en julio de 2014. Los sujetos del estudio fueron 43 ancianos dos instituciones públicas, de edades 64 a 88, 86, 04% mujeres. El estudio desarrollado metas que se han realizado de acuerdo con el ámbito de aplicación de la Teoría de Imogene King Objetivos. El MMSE (Mini Examen del Estado Mental) en todos los ancianos para evaluar la memoria se aplicó. Para evaluar los parámetros del motor se utilizó la escala de motor para Ancianos (EMTI) y para evaluar el equilibrio y la marcha, la Tinetti Escala; utilizamos los ancianos Falls Journal. Las escalas se aplicaron antes y después de la ejecución de las actividades psicomotoras, que se realizaron durante 10 (diez) sesiones. En los resultados, se utilizó la estadística versión 9.3.1 del software SAS, de tal manera que primero llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los datos, compartiendo en una primera etapa (primera evaluación) y la segunda medición (segunda evaluación). La evaluación de la MMSE fue de 15 (quince), 34,88% de la muestra mostraron respectivamente signos sugestivos de deterioro cognitivo. Resultados relacionados con el desempeño de las personas mayores en los parámetros de los motores de Motricidad fina, la organización del espacio y la organización temporal, tanto en la primera y segunda mediciones mostraron buenos resultados y estaban en el promedio normal de EMTI. Sin embargo, la primera evaluación, los parámetros Global Kinetics obtuvo un promedio de 34,88 puntos, equivalente a la calificación mucho más baja; el esquema corporal promedio de 76,46 puntos correspondido a una clasificación más baja; y también el equilibrio con un promedio de 79.81 puntos estaba en una clasificación inferior. Estos resultados se corresponden con los resultados del equilibrio y la marcha Tinetti Escala, que mostraron 22 (51,16%) de edad avanzada con un promedio de 17,22 puntos y se encontraban, según la escala en alto riesgo de caídas. Los resultados de estas escalas fueron corroborados por los resultados de las personas mayores Falls Gazette, donde 26 (60,47%) sufrieron caídas de ancianos 52, de los cuales 33 (63,46%) se produjeron disminuciones por desequilibrios y 31 (59,62%) caídas estaban en la calle. En la segunda evaluación después de las actividades realizadas, los ancianos mostraron mejores resultados con cambio de calificación de acuerdo a los puntajes, excepto la Movilidad Global, que se mantuvo calificación mucho más baja. Sin embargo, el esquema corporal se trasladó a baja calificación normal con una media de 86,93 puntos, el equilibrio cambió la calificación más baja para el promedio normal con una media de 92,37 puntos. El equilibrio y la marcha Tinetti Escala mostraron un aumento en sus puntuaciones y la mayoría ancianos, 28 (65,11%) estaban en riesgo moderado de caídas en la escala. Concluido con los resultados en la segunda medida, que se han alcanzado las metas y la hipótesis de que el ejercicio de estimulación psicomotriz favorece el equilibrio de los pacientes ancianos con se confirmó el deterioro cognitivo leve