RESUMO
Sulfonic acid groups were oxidatively generated in the soluble lipid-free lipofuscin component of neuromelanin of human substantia nigra and in lipofuscin of human inferior olive. Exposure of these oxidized, intraneuronal pigments to low pH Alcian blue or aldehyde fuchsin demonstrated an intensity of staining that related to the type of oxidant and the conditions of its use. Utilization of the following oxidants generated increasingly strong staining reactions as signified by the following sequence; periodic acid under mild conditions, bromine in carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen peroxide, periodic acid under drastic conditions, potassium permanganate followed by oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide followed by bromine in carbon tetrachloride, potassium permanganate followed by metabisulfite or bisulfite, and performic acid. Neither Alcian blue nor aldehyde fuchsin revealed oxidatively generated aldehyde as judged by 1) their failure or near failure to stain inferior olive lipofuscin following mildly applied periodic acid, and 2) the increase in staining intensity, from moderate to strong, displayed by the soluble lipid-free lipofuscin component of neuromelanin and by inferior olive lipofuscin when potassium permanganate was followed by a rinse with metabisulfite or bisulfite in place of one with oxalic acid.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/biossíntese , Bromo , Formiatos , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Lipofuscina/metabolismo , Melaninas/metabolismo , Núcleo Olivar/metabolismo , Ácido Periódico , Permanganato de Potássio , Coloração e Rotulagem , Substância Negra/metabolismoAssuntos
Glicosídeos/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Árvores/metabolismo , Acetatos/biossíntese , Aldeídos/biossíntese , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Glicerol/metabolismo , Lactatos/biossíntese , Luz , Plantas/efeitos da radiação , Efeitos da Radiação , Especificidade da Espécie , Sulfatos/biossíntese , Sulfatos/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/biossíntese , Ácidos Sulfônicos/metabolismo , Isótopos de EnxofreAssuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/biossíntese , Enxofre/metabolismo , Taurina/biossíntese , Aminoácidos/análise , Animais , Isótopos de Carbono , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica , Cromatografia em Papel , Cisteína/análise , Homocisteína/análise , Metionina/metabolismo , Ratos , Ácidos Sulfônicos/análise , Isótopos de Enxofre , Taurina/análiseAssuntos
Alcaloides/biossíntese , Glicosídeos/biossíntese , Compostos Heterocíclicos/biossíntese , Oximas/metabolismo , Aldeídos/síntese química , Aldeídos/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Isótopos de Carbono , Etilenos/biossíntese , Glucose/biossíntese , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , Oxazóis/metabolismo , Oximas/biossíntese , Oximas/síntese química , Plantas Comestíveis/metabolismo , Sulfetos/síntese química , Sulfetos/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/biossínteseRESUMO
1. The synthesis of sulpholactic acid in sporulating cultures of Bacillus subtilis was studied. 2. Sulpholactic acid was first detected about 4h after the initiation of sporulation and 1h before refractility. The rate of synthesis paralleled that of the other events of sporulation examined. 3. Sulpholactic acid accounted for 1.7% of the material of the spore. 4. Because the addition of chloramphenicol in the earlier stages of sporulation inhibited formation of the compound, it is likely that the enzymes concerned are synthesized de novo during sporulation. 5. In asporogenous mutants only those blocked at a late stage and showing partial refractility were able to produce sulpholactic acid. This correlation makes sulpholactic acid a useful marker event in sporulation.
Assuntos
Bacillus subtilis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactatos/biossíntese , Esporos/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfônicos/biossíntese , Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/enzimologia , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Depressão Química , Enzimas/biossíntese , Mutação , Esporos Bacterianos/metabolismoRESUMO
High activity of taurine:alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase was found exclusively in cell-free extracts of Achromobacter superficialis and A. polymorph. The former was chosen for characterization of the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme activity was enhanced by addition of beta-alanine to the growth medium. The product from alpha-ketoglutarate was identified as l-glutamate. Another product has been isolated, purified, and identified as sulfoacetaldehyde (2-oxoethanesulfonate), a deamination product from taurine, by comparison between the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of the synthetic and enzymatic products on the basis of studies by paper chromatography, by visible, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometries, and by elemental analysis. This enzymatic transamination was found to proceed stoichiometrically and reversibly as follows: NH(2).CH(2).CH(2).SO(3)H + HOOC.CH(2).CH(2).CO.COOH right harpoon over left harpoon OHC.CH(2).SO(3)H + HOOC.CH(2).CH(2).CH(NH(2)).COOH.