[Gene detection of GPD1-L and the association with sudden unexplained death syndrome in young adults].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS). METHODS: The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the SMDS group and the normal control group. The exons, exon-intron boundaries and 3'-UTRs of coding region of GPD1-L were PCR amplified and DNA sequenced directly to confirm the types of variations. The genotype frequency and allele frequency were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There were two variants in the SMDS group, c.465C>T and c.*18G>T, the latter existed certain degree difference of genotype distribution and allele frequency between the SMDS group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The relation between gene mutation of GPD1-L and the occurrence of Chinese SMDS deserves a further research.

An improved method for the isolation of dense storage granules from human platelets.

Pretreatment of human platelets with the metabolic inhibitors rotenone and 2-deoxyglucose, before French press homogenization, has led to the isolation of dense storage granules in an overall yield of about 20%. The concentrations of serotonin, ATP and ADP were estimated in the dense granules. Serotonin was 40--60-fold enriched in the dense granules compared to the platelet homogenate. Stored ATP and ADP were also 40-fold enriched in the dense granules compared to the estimated storage nucleotide pool in intact platelets. The ATP to ADP ratio in the isolated dense granules was 0.68-0.70, the same as the ratio of the secreted ATP and ADP. In platelets prelabeled with [3H]adenine, the specific radioactivities of the ATP and ADP in the isolated dense granules and of the secreted ATP and ADP were both negligible, whereas the estimated specific radioactivity of the metabolically active ATP and ADP was 2,000 cpm/nmol. These results confirm that the ATP and ADP in the isolated dense granules are the same as the secreted ATP and ADP in terms of metabolic inactivity and their ATP to ADP ratios.

Heterogeneity of human platelets. V. Differences in glycolytic and related enzymes with possible relation to platelet age.

Human platelets were separated by desity-centrifugation into heavy and light populations. Heavy platelets have an average volume approximately twofold greater than light platelets, and have previously been shown to be young platelets. All 11 enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway plus the five related enzymes: phosphoglucomutase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconic dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerol-P dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase (TPNH) were examined in cell lysates from total, heavy, and light platelet populations. Apparent Km for individual enzymes were measured in a total platelet population. Empirical V(max) of the individual enzymes were measured in total, heavy, and light platelet populations. The three apparent rate-limiting enzymes for glycolysis were hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase. Heavy platelets contained approximately twofold greater enzyme activity (per gram wet weight) than light platelets for 7 of the 16 enzymes measured: hexokinase, phosphohexoisomerase, phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase. Heavy platelets also contained 1.9-fold greater reduced glutathione (GSH), 1.7-fold greater DPNH, and 1.2-fold greater TPNH than light platelets. Heavy platelets contained 1.8-fold less lipid peroxidation products (malonyl aldehyde equivalents) than light platelets and were 2.4-fold more resistant to lipid peroxidation catalyzed by 0.1 mM FeCl(3). Sterile incubation of heavy platelets, in vitro for 17 hr, resulted in a significant loss of enzyme activity for the "elevated" seven enzymes when compared with the remainder. Reducing agents such as GSH (0.1 mM), ascorbic acid (0.1 mM), and dithiothreitol (0.01 mM), when added to the incubation mixture, significantly reduced the in vitro loss of activity. In vitro incubation was also associated with a significant loss of GSH and DPNH and a 1.8-fold increase in lipid peroxidation products.

[Differential diagnosis of specific and nonspecific lung diseases by the parameters of the leukocytic enzymatic system].

The study examined 56 patients who were divided into three groups: 1) patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis; 2) those with nonspecific pneumonia; 3) control (apparently healthy individuals). In addition to the routine studies, the R. P. Nartsissov procedure was used to determine the activity of SDH and alpha-GPDH in all the examinees. The findings indicate that the lymphocytic activity of basic energy processes is much decreased in infiltrative tuberculosis and nonspecific pneumonia. Of the greatest value for active diagnosis is the determination of alpha-GPDH activity that is reduced only in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, its low activity points to profound redox disorders.

Adipogenic activity in sera from obese children before and after weight reduction.

The adipogenic and mitogenic potentials of sera obtained from obese children before and after weight reduction and from lean control subjects were studied in clonal 3T3 L1 fibroblasts. The sera from the lean (n = 14) and obese (n = 12) children under habitual diet contained similar adipogenic activity. However, when the obese children underwent a weight-reduction program for 3 wk (600 kcal/d), the potential of their sera to stimulate glycero-phosphate dehydrogenase, an index of adipogenic activity, was significantly reduced by 32% (p less than 0.01). Similarly, the mitogenic activity of these sera decreased significantly (202 +/- 15 vs 231 +/- 27 micrograms per dish, p less than 0.01). Testing pooled sera from the different groups in cultured rat adipocyte precursor cells gave similar results. This study suggests that human childhood-onset obesity is not accompanied by increased circulatory factors involved in the formation of new fat cells. The adipogenic and mitogenic activity of sera from obese children may be influenced by long-term dietary restriction.

FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes of type-2 diabetic patients and their relatives.

The activities of FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (m-GDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) were measured in purified populations of CD3+ lymphocytes from 55 control subjects, 62 type-2 diabetics and 50 non-diabetic relatives of the latter patients. The activity of m-GDH was measured by both a radioisotopic procedure and colourimetric technique. As judged from these measurements and relative to the paired value for GlDH, the incidence of abnormally low m-GDH activity was significantly higher in type-2 diabetics than in control subjects. Moreover, the paired ratio in reaction velocity between the colourimetric and radioisotopic assay of m-GDH was abnormally high in patients with low m-GDH activity. Low m-GDH activity often coincided with increased GPT activity in plasma or high GPT/GOT ratio in lymphocytes. No obvious clustering of these anomalies was found in relatives of diabetic patients. These findings suggest that an inherited or acquired genomic defect of m-GDH in lymphocytes, and possibly in pancreatic B-cells, may participate to the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

[A chronobiological analysis of the lymphocyte dehydrogenase activity in the peripheral blood of rats with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma]. / Khronobiologicheskii analiz aktivnosti degidrogenaz limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi krys s kartsinosarkomoi Uoker 256.

In a series of experiments the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were daily determined simultaneously by the cytochemical method in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal rats and those with the Walker carcinosarcoma. Using an original algorithm a hierarchy of biorhythms was singled out by a computer according to individual changes in the dehydrogenase activity for each rat. The mean level of succinate dehydrogenase activity was higher than that of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. A set of discovered biorhythms and their representation were identical in the both enzymes. The tumor transplantation caused changes in the phase coordination of investigated dehydrogenases in all rhythms and promoted an increase of the succinate dehydrogenase amplitude as compared with the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase amplitude in certain rhythms. It is concluded that biorhythmological parameters of these enzymes may be used for characterization of the tumor-bearing host.

[Usefulness of determination of various leukocyte enzymes in progressive muscular dystrophy]. / Wartosc oznaczania niektórych enzymów w leukocytach w postepujacej dystrofii miesniowej.

The activity of enzymes participating mainly in oxidative processes taking place in peripheral blood leucocytes was determined: malic dehydrogenase, glycerophosphate oxidase, and mitochondrial ATP-ase. The investigations were carried out in 29 patients with Duchenne type of muscular dystrophy, their 23 mothers, 4 sisters, and in 14 cases of other muscular dystrophies, and 4 patients with spinal muscular atrophy as well as in controls. Changes were found in the activity of these enzymes, particularly malic dehydrogenase in patients with Duchenne type of dystrophy and in some carriers of this disease.

[Effect of natural physical factors of the environment on the condition of pregnant women with normal pregnancy]. / Vliianie estestvennykh fizicheskikh faktorov vneshnei sredy na sostoianie beremennykh zhenshchin s fiziologicheskim techeniem beremennosti.

The enzymatic status of leukocytes with respect to succinate- and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, which reflects the degree of hypoxia in the organism is changed by 30% by the action of natural physical parameters of the environment. Using mathematical modelling, it was shown that the largest changes in the enzymatic status occur upon increased geomagnetic perturbations at a high atmospheric pressure. Chronic tissue hypoxia of the fetus and newborn is the most likely disease that can develop under these conditions. This is most important to expectant mothers older than 32 years. The effect of environmental influences is more pronounced during the second half of pregnancy.

[A role of various components of the diffuse neuroendocrine system in the realization of magnetobiological effects]. / Rol' nekotorykh komponentov diffuznoi neiroéndokrinnoi sistemy v realizatsii magnitobiologicheskikh vozdeistvii.

It was shown in experiments on white mongrel rats that some components of the diffuse neuroendocrine system are involved in the realization of magnetobiological effects.

[Premorbid prognosis and diagnosis of toxinfection according to the enzymatic status of blood lymphocytes and neutrophils]. / Premorbidnyi prognoz iskhoda i diagnostika toksikoinfektsii po énzimaticheskomu statusu limfotsitov i neitrofilov krovi

On a model of an infectious process caused by intraperitoneal injection of S. paratyphi B to mice there were elaborated diagnosis of paratyphoid infection and premorbid prognosis of the disease by cytochemical indices. For the diagnosis of the infectious process the most informative of the cytochemical signs under study proved to be changes in the activity of succinic and alpha-glucerophosphoric dehydrogenases in the lymphocytes and particularly in neutrophils. Prognosis of the outcome of the infection was possible in some of the animals before the inoculation of the infection by the activity of NADPH2-diaphorase.

[Determination of dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity in the lymphocytes in hypertension and vasorenal hypertension]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti degidrogenaz i kisloi fosfatazy limfotsitov krovi pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni i vazorenal'noi gipertenzii.

The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood was studied in 28 patients with hypertensive disease and vasorenal hypertension (the diagnosis was made on the basis of the findings of angiographic examination) by the method of quantitative cytochemical analysis suggested by R.P. Nartsissov. It was revealed that alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in vasorenal hypertension than in hypertensive disease. The calculation of the difference between the value of succinate dehydrogenase activity and that of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in these groups was also significant. It is concluded that a complex of cytochemical analysis may be used in differential diagnosis of vasorenal hypertension and hypertensive disease.

[Effects of plant polysaccharide paliustran on the growth of human tumor transplants in athymic mice]. / Vliianie rastitel'nogo polisakharida paliustrana na rost transplantatov opukholei cheloveka u bestimusnykh myshei.

Plant polysaccharide palyustran inhibited the growth of human lung carcinoma P-1 transplanted to athymic mice by 60% but failed to do so in human rhabdomyosarcoma. Treatment with palyustran was followed by a 2-fold decrease in lympho- and granulocyte levels, selective inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in tumor cells and--in single cases--metastatic involvement of the liver.

[Prognostic significance of Helicobacter pylori isolation in patients with peptic ulcer]. / Prognosticheskaia znachimost' vydeleniia Helicobacter pylori u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

The author shows that persistent contamination of the mucosa in ulcer patients noticeable even after ulcer healing with Helicobacter pylori leads to disordered coordination of energetic processes in immunocompetent cells. The reserve pathway becomes more active than basic pathway of oxidation, this combining with lymphocyte sensitization to the mucosal tissue. An unfavourable prognostic implication is given to a 1.5-fold inhibition of lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase activity. If alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is 2.3 times higher than normal and leukocyte migration index is under 0.65, the prognosis is also likely to be unfavourable.

[Diagnostic significance of erythrocyte carbohydrate metabolism indicators in chronic subclinical HBsAG carrier state]. / Diagnosticheskoe znachenie pokazatelei uglevodnogo metabolizma éritrotsitov krovi pri khronicheskom subklinicheskom nositel'stve HBs-antigena.

Erythrocytic activity of H-6-PDG and alpha-HPDG was studied in 32 chronic carriers of HBsAg free of any clinical or biochemical signs of viral hepatitis B. Puncture biopsy of the liver discovered chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) in 25 patients. 7 cases had no changes of hepatic tissue. In these patients alpha-HPDG activity remained normal while in all the HBsAg carriers with latent CPH it was very high. For H-6-PDG, the activity was enhanced in 28 and 72% of HBsAg carriers, respectively. The above biochemical tests may serve markers of latent liver involvement in subclinical HBsAg carriers.

[The alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and adenosinetriphosphatase activity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in diabetics (a cytochemical determination)]. / Aktyvnist' al'fa-hlitserofosfatdehidrohenazy i adenozyntryfosfatazy limfotsytiv peryferychnoï krovi khvorykh na tsukrovyi diabet (tsytokhimichne vyznachennia).

Decrease in activity of alpha-GPDG and ATP-ase observed in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus correlated well severity of the disease. The lowest indices of enzymatic activity were registered in patients with grave diabetes complicated by angiopathies, foot gangrene, and purulent inflammatory processes. Compensation of carbohydrates metabolism and improvement of clinical picture were accompanied by the trend to normalization of enzymes' activity. Dynamic study of alpha-GPDG and ATP-ase in patients with diabetes mellitus allows to evaluate degree of hypoxia, comprehend the nature of compensation mechanisms and assess effectiveness of the treatment.

[Cytochemical method of simultaneous determination of oxidation-reduction enzymes and acid phosphatase in blood lymphocytes]. / Tsitokhimicheskii sposob sovmestnogo opredeleniia aktivnosti okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh fermentov i kisloi fosfatazy v limfotsitakh krovi,

The results of cytochemical tests for simultaneous measurements of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase in blood leukocytes do not differ from the results of the original methods developed by R. P. Nartsissov (1969) and A. Goldberg and T. Bark (1962). Use of this method permits the physician to have simultaneous information about two aspects of metabolism in the cells and cuts down the time needed for measuring the activities of two enzymes in the leukocytes.

[Some mechanisms of pathogenesis of hypertonic type neurocirculatory dystonia in flying personnel]. / Nekotorye mekhanismy patogenesa neirotsirkuliatornoi distonii gipertonicheskogo tipa u letnogo sostava.

Cytochemical analysis was used to compare the activities of hyaloplasmatic and mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase in lymphocytes of peripheral blood taken from 14 aviators with the diagnose of hypertonic neurocirculatory dystonia, and 18 healthy aviators. Significantly higher activity of these enzymes in patients is assumed to signify intensification of metabolism and cellular respiration bearing the forced adaptive character. On this evidence, an attempt is made to interpret earlier discovered changes in the immunobiochemical status of these patients and plausible mechanisms of progressive arterial hypertension are hypothesized. Emphasis is laid on the necessity to direct secondary preventive measures at the early phases of hypertension not only on reduction of the vascular tone and correction of the immunobiochemical status but on building-up of cell's functional reserves.

[Enzymatic status of circulating leukocytes in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. / Enzymaticheskii status tsirkuliruiushchikh leikotsitov pri ostrom gematogennom osteomielite u detei.

An examination of 46 patients has shown that the enzymatic status of circulating leukocytes of blood is a highly informative criterium which allows to judge about the pyo-inflammatory process, its spread, degree, reactivity of the patient's organism, efficiency of the therapy performed, prognosis of the disease.

[Enzymatic status of lymphocytes and various aspects of prognosis of the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. / Fermentnyi status limfotsitov i nekotorye aspekty prognoza techeniia khronicheskogo limfoleikoza.

Analysis of the characteristic changes in the activity of the tetrade of lymphocyte dehydrogenases (malate, lactate, succinate and mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase) in patients suffering from chronic lymphoid leukemia is regarded by the authors of the paper as one of the sources of information permitting one to forecast the course of the disease under study.