Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 30
Filtrar
1.
Am J Primatol ; 86(6): e23619, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38482892

RESUMO

In apes and humans, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a predictive indicator of a variety of clinical conditions, longevity, and physiological stress. In chimpanzees specifically, NLR systematically varies with age, rearing, sex, and premature death, indicating that NLR may be a useful diagnostic tool in assessing primate health. To date, just one very recent study has investigated NLR in old world monkeys and found lower NLR in males and nursery-reared individuals, as well as a negative relationship between NLR and disease outcomes. Given that baboons are increasingly used as research models, we aimed to characterize NLR in baboons by providing descriptive data and examinations of baboon NLR heritability, and of the relationships between NLR, age, rearing, and sex in 387 olive baboons (Papio anubis) between 6 months and 19 years of age. We found that (1) mother-reared baboons had higher NLRs than nursery-reared baboons; (2) females had higher NLRs than males; and (3) there was a quadratic relationship between NLR and age, such that middle-aged individuals had the highest NLR values. We also examined NLR as a function of transport to a new facility using a subset of the data. Baboons exhibited significantly higher transport NLRs compared to routine exam NLRs. More specifically, adult baboons had higher transport NLRs than routine NLRs, whereas juveniles showed no such difference, suggesting that younger animals may experience transport stress differently than older animals. We also found that transport NLR was heritable, whereas routine NLR was not, possibly suggesting that stress responses (as indicated in NLR) have a strong genetic component. Consistent with research in humans and chimpanzees, these findings suggest that NLR varies with important biological and life history variables and that NLR may be a useful health biomarker in baboons.


Assuntos
Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Papio anubis , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Feminino , Papio anubis/genética , Papio anubis/fisiologia , Masculino , Gravidez , Fatores Etários , Fatores Sexuais
2.
Genome Res ; 29(5): 848-856, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30926611

RESUMO

Baboons (genus Papio) are broadly studied in the wild and in captivity. They are widely used as a nonhuman primate model for biomedical studies, and the Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC) at Texas Biomedical Research Institute has maintained a large captive baboon colony for more than 50 yr. Unlike other model organisms, however, the genomic resources for baboons are severely lacking. This has hindered the progress of studies using baboons as a model for basic biology or human disease. Here, we describe a data set of 100 high-coverage whole-genome sequences obtained from the mixed colony of olive (P. anubis) and yellow (P. cynocephalus) baboons housed at the SNPRC. These data provide a comprehensive catalog of common genetic variation in baboons, as well as a fine-scale genetic map. We show how the data can be used to learn about ancestry and admixture and to correct errors in the colony records. Finally, we investigated the consequences of inbreeding within the SNPRC colony and found clear evidence for increased rates of infant mortality and increased homozygosity of putatively deleterious alleles in inbred individuals.


Assuntos
Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Alelos , Animais , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Endogamia , Masculino , Recombinação Genética , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma
3.
Immunogenetics ; 70(7): 439-448, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29478145

RESUMO

The olive baboon represents an important model system to study various aspects of human biology and health, including the origin and diversity of the major histocompatibility complex. After screening of a group of related animals for polymorphisms associated with a well-defined microsatellite marker, subsequent MHC class I typing of a selected population of 24 animals was performed on two distinct next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. A substantial number of 21 A and 80 B transcripts were discovered, about half of which had not been previously reported. Per animal, from one to four highly transcribed A alleles (majors) were observed, in addition to ones characterised by low transcripion levels (minors), such as members of the A*14 lineage. Furthermore, in one animal, up to 13 B alleles with differential transcription level profiles may be present. Based on segregation profiles, 16 Paan-AB haplotypes were defined. A haplotype encodes in general one or two major A and three to seven B transcripts, respectively. A further peculiarity is the presence of at least one copy of a B*02 lineage on nearly every haplotype, which indicates that B*02 represents a separate locus with probably a specialistic function. Haplotypes appear to be generated by recombination-like events, and the breakpoints map not only between the A and B regions but also within the B region itself. Therefore, the genetic makeup of the olive baboon MHC class I region appears to have been subject to a similar or even more complex expansion process than the one documented for macaque species.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio anubis/imunologia , Alelos , Sequência de Aminoácidos/genética , Animais , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genes MHC Classe I/genética , Haplótipos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/imunologia , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético/genética
4.
Immunogenetics ; 70(7): 449-458, 2018 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29594415

RESUMO

Baboons are valuable models for complex human diseases due to their genetic and physiologic similarities to humans. Deep sequencing methods to characterize full-length major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) alleles in different nonhuman primate populations were used to identify novel MHC-I alleles in baboons. We combined data from Illumina MiSeq sequencing and Roche/454 sequencing to characterize novel full-length MHC-I transcripts in a cohort of olive and hybrid olive/yellow baboons from the Southwest National Primate Research Center (SNPRC). We characterized 57 novel full-length alleles from 24 baboons and found limited genetic diversity at the MHC-I A locus, with significant sharing of two MHC-I A lineages between 22 out of the 24 animals characterized. These shared alleles provide the basis for development of tools such as MHC:peptide tetramers for studying cellular immune responses in this important animal model.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Alelos , Animais , Frequência do Gene/genética , Genes MHC Classe I/genética , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/imunologia , Papio anubis/imunologia , Papio cynocephalus/imunologia , Filogenia , Primatas/genética
5.
BMC Genomics ; 17: 157, 2016 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26925773

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The primate Y chromosome is distinguished by a lack of inter-chromosomal recombination along most of its length, extensive gene loss, and a prevalence of repetitive elements. A group of genes on the male-specific portion of the Y chromosome known as the "ampliconic genes" are present in multiple copies that are sometimes part of palindromes, and that undergo a form of intra-chromosomal recombination called gene conversion, wherein the nucleotides of one copy are homogenized by those of another. With the aim of further understanding gene family evolution of these genes, we collected nucleotide sequence and gene copy number information for several species of papionin monkey. We then tested for evidence of gene conversion, and developed a novel statistical framework to evaluate alternative models of gene family evolution using our data combined with other information from a human, a chimpanzee, and a rhesus macaque. RESULTS: Our results (i) recovered evidence for several novel examples of gene conversion in papionin monkeys and indicate that (ii) ampliconic gene families evolve faster than autosomal gene families and than single-copy genes on the Y chromosome and that (iii) Y-linked singleton and autosomal gene families evolved faster in humans and chimps than they do in the other Old World Monkey lineages we studied. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid evolution of ampliconic genes cannot be attributed solely to residence on the Y chromosome, nor to variation between primate lineages in the rate of gene family evolution. Instead other factors, such as natural selection and gene conversion, appear to play a role in driving temporal and genomic evolutionary heterogeneity in primate gene families.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Y/genética , Evolução Molecular , Conversão Gênica , Dosagem de Genes , Família Multigênica , Cromossomo Y/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Humanos , Macaca mulatta/genética , Masculino , Mandrillus/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Pan troglodytes/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA
6.
Mol Ecol ; 25(14): 3469-83, 2016 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27145036

RESUMO

Naturally occurring admixture has now been documented in every major primate lineage, suggesting its key role in primate evolutionary history. Active primate hybrid zones can provide valuable insight into this process. Here, we investigate the history of admixture in one of the best-studied natural primate hybrid zones, between yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio anubis) in the Amboseli ecosystem of Kenya. We generated a new genome assembly for yellow baboon and low-coverage genomewide resequencing data from yellow baboons, anubis baboons and known hybrids (n = 44). Using a novel composite likelihood method for estimating local ancestry from low-coverage data, we found high levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation between the parent taxa, and excellent agreement between genome-scale ancestry estimates and a priori pedigree, life history and morphology-based estimates (r(2)  = 0.899). However, even putatively unadmixed Amboseli yellow individuals carried a substantial proportion of anubis ancestry, presumably due to historical admixture. Further, the distribution of shared vs. fixed differences between a putatively unadmixed Amboseli yellow baboon and an unadmixed anubis baboon, both sequenced at high coverage, is inconsistent with simple isolation-migration or equilibrium migration models. Our findings suggest a complex process of intermittent contact that has occurred multiple times in baboon evolutionary history, despite no obvious fitness costs to hybrids or major geographic or behavioural barriers. In combination with the extensive phenotypic data available for baboon hybrids, our results provide valuable context for understanding the history of admixture in primates, including in our own lineage.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Variação Genética , Hibridização Genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Animais , Fluxo Gênico , Genética Populacional , Genótipo , Quênia , Funções Verossimilhança , Modelos Genéticos , Linhagem , Fenótipo
7.
Immunogenetics ; 67(9): 487-99, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26156123

RESUMO

The oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) enzyme acts as an innate sensor of viral infection and plays a major role in the defense against a wide diversity of viruses. Polymorphisms at OAS1 have been shown to correlate with differential susceptibility to several infections of great public health significance, including hepatitis C virus, SARS coronavirus, and West Nile virus. Population genetics analyses in hominoids have revealed interesting evolutionary patterns. In Central African chimpanzee, OAS1 has evolved under long-term balancing selection, resulting in the persistence of polymorphisms since the origin of hominoids, whereas human populations have acquired and retained OAS1 alleles from Neanderthal and Denisovan origin. We decided to further investigate the evolution of OAS1 in primates by characterizing intra-specific variation in four species commonly used as models in infectious disease research: the rhesus macaque, the cynomolgus macaque, the olive baboon, and the Guinea baboon. In baboons, OAS1 harbors a very low level of variation. In contrast, OAS1 in macaques exhibits a level of polymorphism far greater than the genomic average, which is consistent with the action of balancing selection. The region of the enzyme that directly interacts with viral RNA, the RNA-binding domain, contains a number of polymorphisms likely to affect the RNA-binding affinity of OAS1. This strongly suggests that pathogen-driven balancing selection acting on the RNA-binding domain of OAS1 is maintaining variation at this locus. Interestingly, we found that a number of polymorphisms involved in RNA-binding were shared between macaques and chimpanzees. This represents an unusual case of convergent polymorphism.


Assuntos
2',5'-Oligoadenilato Sintetase/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Molecular , Macaca fascicularis/genética , Macaca fascicularis/imunologia , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca mulatta/imunologia , Papio anubis/genética , Papio anubis/imunologia , Papio papio/genética , Papio papio/imunologia , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA
8.
J Hum Evol ; 76: 54-62, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24935168

RESUMO

Hybridization may have played a substantial role in shaping the diversity of our evolving lineage. Although recent genomic evidence has shown that hybridization occurred between anatomically modern humans (AMHS) and Neanderthals, it remains difficult to pin down precisely where and when this gene flow took place. Investigations of the hybrid phenotype in primates and other mammals are providing models for identifying signatures of hybridization in the fossil record. However, our understanding of intra- and inter-taxon variation in hybrids is still limited. Moreover, there is little evidence from these studies that is pertinent to the question of how long hybrid skeletal traits persist in descendants, and therefore it is not clear whether observed hybrid phenotypes are evidence of recent (e.g., F1) or much earlier hybridization events. Here, we present an analysis updating a previous study of cranial variation in pedigreed olive and yellow baboons and their hybrids. Results suggest that traits previously associated with hybrids in baboons and other mammalian species are also present in this expanded data set; many of these traits are highly heritable, confirming a genetic basis for their variation in this mixed population. While F1 animals - and especially F1 males - still have the highest number of dental anomalies, these and other atypical traits persist into later hybrid generations (such as F2 and B1). Moreover, non-F1 recombinants also show extremely rare trait variations, including reduced canines and rotated teeth. However, these results must be considered in light of the possibility that some founding individuals may have themselves been unrecognized hybrids. Despite this, the data are compelling, and indicate once again that further controlled research remains to be done on primates and other mammals in order to better understand variation in the hybrid phenotype.


Assuntos
Hibridização Genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Fenótipo
9.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0305157, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38959276

RESUMO

The last couple of decades have highlighted the importance of studying hybridization, particularly among primate species, as it allows us to better understand our own evolutionary trajectory. Here, we report on genetic ancestry estimates using dense, full genome data from 881 olive (Papio anubus), yellow (Papio cynocephalus), or olive-yellow crossed captive baboons from the Southwest National Primate Research Center. We calculated global and local ancestry information, imputed low coverage genomes (n = 830) to improve marker quality, and updated the genetic resources of baboons available to assist future studies. We found evidence of historical admixture in some putatively purebred animals and identified errors within the Southwest National Primate Research Center pedigree. We also compared the outputs between two different phasing and imputation pipelines along with two different global ancestry estimation software. There was good agreement between the global ancestry estimation software, with R2 > 0.88, while evidence of phase switch errors increased depending on what phasing and imputation pipeline was used. We also generated updated genetic maps and created a concise set of ancestry informative markers (n = 1,747) to accurately obtain global ancestry estimates.


Assuntos
Papio , Animais , Papio/genética , Linhagem , Masculino , Feminino , Genoma , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Hibridização Genética , Software
10.
Biol Reprod ; 88(2): 44, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23284138

RESUMO

Endometriosis is associated with aberrant gene expression in the eutopic endometrium of women with disease. To determine if the development of endometriotic lesions directly impacts eutopic endometrial gene expression, we sequentially analyzed the eutopic endometrium across the time course of disease progression in a baboon model of induced disease. Endometriosis was induced in baboons (n = 4) by intraperitoneal inoculation of autologous menstrual endometrium. Eutopic endometria were collected during the midsecretory phase (Days 9-11 postovulation) at 1, 3, 6-7, 10-12, and 15-16 mo after disease induction and compared with tissue from disease-free baboons. RNA was hybridized to Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays, and data were extracted using Gene-Chip Operating Software. Subsequently, both Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis were used to find biological states that have a statistically significant enrichment concomitant with pairwise comparison of human endometriosis arrays. Within 1 mo of induction of the disease, 4331 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05). Hierarchical clustering revealed self-segregation into two groups-a) 1, 3, and 10-12 mo and b) 6-7 and 15-16 mo-together with controls. Clustering analysis at each stage of disease validated dysregulation of several signaling pathways, including Nodal-like receptor, EGF, ERK/MAPK, and PI3/AKT. Sequential analysis of the same animals during disease progression demonstrated an early disease insult and a transitory dominance of an estrogenic phenotype; however, as the disease progressed, a progesterone-resistant phenotype became evident. Furthermore, we demonstrate a 38.6% differential gene expression overlap with endometrial samples in the midsecretory phase from women with endometriosis, concomitant with similar dysregulation in human disease candidate genes Fos, Nodal, Suclg2, and Kras, among others. Molecular changes in the eutopic endometrium, associated with endometriosis, are directly impacted by endometriotic lesions, providing strong evidence that it is the disease rather than inherent defective endometrium that results in aberrant gene expression in the eutopic endometrium. Furthermore, this baboon model provides a powerful means whereby the early events associated with the pathology of disease and the resulting infertility may be elucidated.


Assuntos
Progressão da Doença , Endometriose/fisiopatologia , Endométrio/fisiopatologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Papio anubis/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endometriose/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/genética , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/fisiologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/genética , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/fisiologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/fisiologia , Proteína Oncogênica v-akt/genética , Proteína Oncogênica v-akt/fisiologia , Papio anubis/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Lipids Health Dis ; 12: 10, 2013 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23379307

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Humans and rodents with impaired phytanic acid (PA) metabolism can accumulate toxic stores of PA that have deleterious effects on multiple organ systems. Ruminants and certain fish obtain PA from the microbial degradation of dietary chlorophyll and/or through chlorophyll-derived precursors. In contrast, humans cannot derive PA from chlorophyll and instead normally obtain it only from meat, dairy, and fish products. RESULTS: Captive apes and Old world monkeys had significantly higher red blood cell (RBC) PA levels relative to humans when all subjects were fed PA-deficient diets. Given the adverse health effects resulting from PA over accumulation, we investigated the molecular evolution of thirteen PA metabolism genes in apes, Old world monkeys, and New world monkeys. All non-human primate (NHP) orthologs are predicted to encode full-length proteins with the marmoset Phyh gene containing a rare, but functional, GA splice donor dinucleotide. Acox2, Scp2, and Pecr sequences had amino acid positions with accelerated substitution rates while Amacr had significant variation in evolutionary rates in apes relative to other primates. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike humans, diverse captive NHPs with PA-deficient diets rich in plant products have substantial RBC PA levels. The favored hypothesis is that NHPs can derive significant amounts of PA from the degradation of ingested chlorophyll through gut fermentation. If correct, this raises the possibility that RBC PA levels could serve as a biomarker for evaluating the digestive health of captive NHPs. Furthermore, the evolutionary rates of the several genes relevant to PA metabolism provide candidate genetic adaptations to NHP diets.


Assuntos
Callithrix/metabolismo , Clorofila/metabolismo , Dieta Vegetariana , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Hominidae/metabolismo , Macaca mulatta/metabolismo , Papio anubis/metabolismo , Ácido Fitânico/metabolismo , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Callithrix/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Hominidae/genética , Humanos , Macaca mulatta/genética , Masculino , Oxigenases de Função Mista/genética , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/genética , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-CH/genética , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-CH/metabolismo , Papio anubis/genética , Racemases e Epimerases/genética , Racemases e Epimerases/metabolismo , Especificidade da Espécie
12.
Am J Biol Anthropol ; 180(4): 618-632, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38445762

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Pregnancy failure represents a major fitness cost for any mammal, particularly those with slow life histories such as primates. Here, we quantified the risk of fetal loss in wild hybrid baboons, including genetic, ecological, and demographic sources of variance. We were particularly interested in testing the hypothesis that hybridization increases fetal loss rates. Such an effect would help explain how baboons may maintain genetic and phenotypic integrity despite interspecific gene flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed outcomes for 1020 pregnancies observed over 46 years in a natural yellow baboon-anubis baboon hybrid zone. Fetal losses and live births were scored based on records of female reproductive state and the appearance of live neonates. We modeled the probability of fetal loss as a function of a female's genetic ancestry (the proportion of her genome estimated to be descended from anubis [vs. yellow] ancestors), age, number of previous fetal losses, dominance rank, group size, climate, and habitat quality using binomial mixed effects models. RESULTS: Female genetic ancestry did not predict fetal loss. Instead, the risk of fetal loss is elevated for very young and very old females. Fetal loss is most robustly predicted by ecological factors, including poor habitat quality prior to a home range shift and extreme heat during pregnancy. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that gene flow between yellow and anubis baboons is not impeded by an increased risk of fetal loss for hybrid females. Instead, ecological conditions and female age are key determinants of this component of female reproductive success.


Assuntos
Feto , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Feminino , Animais , Gravidez , Humanos , Papio , Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Nascido Vivo , Mamíferos
13.
PLoS One ; 18(12): e0289860, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38134183

RESUMO

Elevated levels of Fetal Hemoglobin interfere with polymerization of sickle hemoglobin thereby reducing anemia, lessening the severity of symptoms, and increasing life span of patients with sickle cell disease. An affordable, small molecule drug that stimulates HbF expression in vivo would be ideally suited to treat the large numbers of SCD patients that exist worldwide. Our previous work showed that administration of the LSD1 (KDM1A) inhibitor RN-1 to normal baboons increased Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) and was tolerated over a prolonged treatment period. HbF elevations were associated with changes in epigenetic modifications that included increased levels of H3K4 di-and tri-methyl lysine at the γ-globin promoter. While dramatic effects of the loss of LSD1 on hematopoietic differentiation have been observed in murine LSD1 gene deletion and silencing models, the effect of pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 in vivo on hematopoietic differentiation is unknown. The goal of these experiments was to investigate the in vivo mechanism of action of the LSD1 inhibitor RN-1 by determining its effect on γ-globin expression in highly purified subpopulations of bone marrow erythroid cells enriched for varying stages of erythroid differentiation isolated directly from baboons treated with RN-1 and also by investigating the effect of RN1 on the global transcriptome in a highly purified population of proerythroblasts. Our results show that RN-1 administered to baboons targets an early event during erythroid differentiation responsible for γ-globin repression and increases the expression of a limited number of genes including genes involved in erythroid differentiation such as GATA2, GFi-1B, and LYN.


Assuntos
Anemia Falciforme , Histona Desmetilases , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Anemia Falciforme/genética , Hemoglobina Fetal/genética , gama-Globinas/genética , Expressão Gênica , Histona Desmetilases/antagonistas & inibidores , Papio anubis/genética
14.
Gigascience ; 9(12)2020 12 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33283855

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Baboons are a widely used nonhuman primate model for biomedical, evolutionary, and basic genetics research. Despite this importance, the genomic resources for baboons are limited. In particular, the current baboon reference genome Panu_3.0 is a highly fragmented, reference-guided (i.e., not fully de novo) assembly, and its poor quality inhibits our ability to conduct downstream genomic analyses. FINDINGS: Here we present a de novo genome assembly of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) that uses data from several recently developed single-molecule technologies. Our assembly, Panubis1.0, has an N50 contig size of ∼1.46 Mb (as opposed to 139 kb for Panu_3.0) and has single scaffolds that span each of the 20 autosomes and the X chromosome. CONCLUSIONS: We highlight multiple lines of evidence (including Bionano Genomics data, pedigree linkage information, and linkage disequilibrium data) suggesting that there are several large assembly errors in Panu_3.0, which have been corrected in Panubis1.0.


Assuntos
Genoma , Papio anubis , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Cromossomos , Genômica , Papio anubis/genética
15.
J Med Primatol ; 38(2): 97-106, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19367734

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: LRP5 is known to have an important relationship with bone density and a variety of other biological processes. Mapping to human chromosome 11q13.2, LRP5 shows considerable evolutionary conservation. Orthologs of this gene exist in many species, although comparison of human LRP5 with other non-human primates has not been performed until now. METHODS: We reported the complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence and deduced amino acid sequence for baboon LRP5, and compared the baboon and human sequences. cDNA sequences for 21 baboons were examined to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). RESULTS: Sequences of coding regions in human and baboon LRP5 showed 97- 99% homology. Twenty-five SNPs were identified in the coding region of baboon LRP5. CONCLUSION: The observed degree of coding sequence homology in LRP5 led us to expect that the baboon may serve as a useful model for future research into the role(s) of this gene in primate metabolic diseases.


Assuntos
Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Densidade Óssea , Feminino , Humanos , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/química , Proteína-5 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos
16.
Niger J Physiol Sci ; 34(1): 77-81, 2019 Jun 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31449275

RESUMO

Haematological and serum biochemical values are useful guides and biomarkers in health and diseases for reaching a diagnosis, estimating disease prognosis and monitoring treatment progress, in mammals. Reference ranges for some parameters differ among species of mammals and between sexes within a species. There is dearth of information on standard reference value for blood parameters for Nigerian indigenous monkeys. Whole blood and serum samples obtained from 50 apparently healthy adult monkeys in both captivity and from the wild in southwest Nigeria were subjected to haematology and serum biochemistry to obtain preliminary reference values for haematological and serum biochemical analytes for Cercocebus sebaeus (Green monkey), Cercopithecus mona (Mona monkey), Erythrocebus patas (Patas monkey) and Papio anubis (Anubis baboon). Numerical data were summarized as mean and standard deviation and subjected to statistical analysis; Student t test and analysis of variance, to compare values of blood parameters obtained between species and gender. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The hematocrit of male animals were significantly higher than that of females (P=0.01) in all the 4 species studied but there was no significant difference in other blood parameters such as total white blood cell and the differential counts, platelet count, serum aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total plasma protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations between the sexes. Generally, there was no significant difference between total white blood cell and the differential counts, hematocrit, red cell count, haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, serum aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total plasma protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations among the monkey species.


Assuntos
Cercocebus/sangue , Cercopithecus/sangue , Erythrocebus patas/sangue , Papio anubis/sangue , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Cercocebus/genética , Cercopithecus/genética , Erythrocebus patas/genética , Haplorrinos , Hematócrito/métodos , Nigéria , Papio anubis/genética , Especificidade da Espécie
17.
Mol Ecol ; 17(8): 1998-2011, 2008 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18363664

RESUMO

The process and consequences of hybridization are of interest to evolutionary biologists because of the importance of hybridization in understanding reproductive isolation, speciation, and the influence of introgression on population genetic structure. Recent studies of hybridization have been enhanced by the advent of sensitive, genetic marker-based techniques for inferring the degree of admixture occurring within individuals. Here we present a genetic marker-based analysis of hybridization in a large-bodied, long-lived mammal over multiple generations. We analysed patterns of hybridization between yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) and anubis baboons (Papio anubis) in a well-studied natural population in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, using genetic samples from 450 individuals born over the last 36 years. We assigned genetic hybrid scores based on genotypes at 14 microsatellite loci using the clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE 2.0, and assessed the robustness of these scores by comparison to pedigree information and through simulation. The genetic hybrid scores showed generally good agreement with previous morphological assessments of hybridity, but suggest that genetic methods may be more sensitive for identification of low levels of hybridity. The results of our analysis indicate that the proportion of hybrids in the Amboseli population has grown over time, but that the average proportion of anubis ancestry within hybrids is gradually decreasing. We argue that these patterns are probably a result of both selective and nonselective processes, including differences in the timing of life-history events for hybrid males relative to yellow baboon males, and stochasticity in long-distance dispersal from the source anubis population into Amboseli.


Assuntos
Hibridização Genética/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Alelos , Animais , Simulação por Computador , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Genótipo , Quênia , Masculino , Repetições de Microssatélites , Modelos Genéticos , Linhagem , Fenótipo
18.
Mol Ecol ; 17(8): 2026-40, 2008 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18346122

RESUMO

The timing of early life-history events, such as sexual maturation and first reproduction, can greatly influence variation in individual fitness. In this study, we analysed possible sources of variation underlying different measures of age at social and physical maturation in wild baboons in the Amboseli basin, Kenya. The Amboseli baboons are a natural population primarily comprised of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) that occasionally hybridize with anubis baboons (Papio anubis) from outside the basin. We found that males and females differed in the extent to which various factors influenced their maturation. Surprisingly, we found that male maturation was most strongly related to the proportion of anubis ancestry revealed by their microsatellite genotypes: hybrid males matured earlier than yellow males. In contrast, although hybrid females reached menarche slightly earlier than yellow females, maternal rank and the presence of maternal relatives had the largest effects on female maturation, followed by more modest effects of group size and rainfall. Our results indicate that a complex combination of demographic, genetic, environmental, and maternal effects contribute to variation in the timing of these life-history milestones.


Assuntos
Papio anubis/fisiologia , Papio cynocephalus/fisiologia , Maturidade Sexual/fisiologia , Animais , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Hibridização Genética , Quênia , Masculino , Menarca/fisiologia , Repetições de Microssatélites , Análise Multivariada , Papio anubis/genética , Papio anubis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Papio cynocephalus/genética , Papio cynocephalus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chuva , Maturidade Sexual/genética , Predomínio Social , Testículo/fisiologia
19.
Science ; 359(6381)2018 03 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29439024

RESUMO

Diurnal gene expression patterns underlie time-of-the-day-specific functional specialization of tissues. However, available circadian gene expression atlases of a few organs are largely from nocturnal vertebrates. We report the diurnal transcriptome of 64 tissues, including 22 brain regions, sampled every 2 hours over 24 hours, from the primate Papio anubis (baboon). Genomic transcription was highly rhythmic, with up to 81.7% of protein-coding genes showing daily rhythms in expression. In addition to tissue-specific gene expression, the rhythmic transcriptome imparts another layer of functional specialization. Most ubiquitously expressed genes that participate in essential cellular functions exhibit rhythmic expression in a tissue-specific manner. The peak phases of rhythmic gene expression clustered around dawn and dusk, with a "quiescent period" during early night. Our findings also unveil a different temporal organization of central and peripheral tissues between diurnal and nocturnal animals.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/fisiologia , Relógios Circadianos/genética , Ritmo Circadiano/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio anubis/fisiologia , Transcriptoma , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Genômica , Masculino
20.
PLoS One ; 13(6): e0199200, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29912972

RESUMO

The hepatic Na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP in man, Ntcp in animals) is the high-affinity receptor for the hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis D (HDV) viruses. Species barriers for human HBV/HDV within the order Primates were previously attributed to Ntcp sequence variations that disable virus-receptor interaction. However, only a limited number of primate Ntcps have been analysed so far. In the present study, a total of 11 Ntcps from apes, Old and New World monkeys were cloned and expressed in vitro to characterise their interaction with HBV and HDV. All Ntcps showed intact bile salt transport. Human NTCP as well as the Ntcps from the great apes chimpanzee and orangutan showed transport-competing binding of HBV derived myr-preS1-peptides. In contrast, all six Ntcps from the group of Old World monkeys were insensitive to HBV myr-preS1-peptide binding and HBV/HDV infection. This is basically predetermined by the amino acid arginine at position 158 of all studied Old World monkey Ntcps. An exchange from arginine to glycine (as present in humans and great apes) at this position (R158G) alone was sufficient to achieve full transport-competing HBV myr-preS1-peptide binding and susceptibility for HBV/HDV infection. New World monkey Ntcps showed higher sequence heterogeneity, but in two cases with 158G showed transport-competing HBV myr-preS1-peptide binding, and in one case (Saimiri sciureus) even susceptibility for HBV/HDV infection. In conclusion, amino acid position 158 of NTCP/Ntcp is sufficient to discriminate between the HBV/HDV susceptible group of humans and great apes (158G) and the non-susceptible group of Old World monkeys (158R). In the case of the phylogenetically more distant New World monkey Ntcps amino acid 158 plays a significant, but not exclusive role.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B/fisiologia , Hepatite B/veterinária , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Dependentes de Sódio/metabolismo , Simportadores/metabolismo , Animais , Callithrix/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Células HEK293 , Células Hep G2 , Hepatite B/transmissão , Humanos , Macaca/genética , Macaca fascicularis/genética , Macaca mulatta/genética , Transportadores de Ânions Orgânicos Dependentes de Sódio/genética , Pan troglodytes/genética , Papio anubis/genética , Papio hamadryas/genética , Pongo abelii/genética , Saguinus/genética , Saimiri/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Simportadores/genética , Transfecção
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA