Escolha da via de parto: expectativa de gestantes e obstetras / Choice of route of childbirth: expectation of pregnant women and obstetricians

RESUMO

Os avanços tecnológicos e científicos da medicina, o respeito à autonomia das gestantes e as indicações médicas parecem ter contribuído para o aumento do número de cesarianas. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a expectativa de gestantes e médicos obstetras quanto à via de parto. A maioria das gestantes (74,1%) manifestou preferência pelo parto natural, sobretudo as católicas e portadoras de ensino superior completo ou médio incompleto. Entre os obstetras houve preferência pelo parto cesariano (58,3%) e, se fossem instados a aconselhar, todos (100%) recomendariam parto natural. Caso fossem solicitados a realizar cesariana a pedido, 54,5% dos obstetras concordariam de imediato, porém somente 27,3% admitiriam este direito para gestantes do sistema público de saúde. Em conclusão, a expectativa da maioria das gestantes foi pelo parto natural e dos médicos obstetras pela cesárea, contudo estes realizariam parto natural, em condição normal, e cesárea a pedido.(AU)

ABSTRACT

The technological and scientific advances in medicine and the respect for the autonomy of pregnant women and medical indications have contributed to the increased number of cesareans. In this context, the objective of this research was to identify the expectations of pregnant women and doctors about the process of childbirth. The majority of pregnant women (74.1%) expressed a preference for natural delivery, especially Catholic ones and those who have completed higher education or incomplete high school. Among obstetricians it was found a slight preference for cesarean delivery (58.3%), and if advising was requested by pregnant women, all (100%) obstetricians would recommend natural delivery. If the obstetricians were demanded to perform cesarean on request, 54.5% of them would agree immediately, but only 27.3% would admit that right for pregnant women in the public health system. In conclusion, the expectation of the majority of pregnant women was for the natural delivery, and doctors for cesarean, but they would agree with natural childbirth, under normal conditions, and perform cesarean on request.(AU)