Increasing access and frequency of
human immunodeficiency virus testing are critical to stemming the
epidemic. In
Brazil's concentrated
epidemic,
human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in the men who have sex with men/
transgender population far exceeds that in the general
population, but testing rates fall below what is needed to ensure early
detection and
treatment. Over-the-counter
human immunodeficiency virus self-testing kits, now available in stores in the U.S., have enormous potential to increase testing access and frequency and to facilitate early
detection and
treatment. With the advent of
human immunodeficiency virus self-testing upon us, it is timely to engage the scientific
community,
government, and
civil society in a dialog around how to best utilize this
technology in
Brazil. We summarize recent
research on over-the-counter testing among men who have sex with men, raise potential questions and challenges to using
self-tests, suggest implementation
strategies, and outline a
research agenda moving forward.