The safety and quality of endobronchial biopsy in children under five years old.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the airway pathology of wheezing disorders in infants and preschool children, partly owing to the difficulty of undertaking invasive studies in this age group. The safety of endobronchial biopsy and the quality of biopsies obtained were reviewed in infants and preschool children. METHODS: Case notes of children under five years of age who underwent bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy were reviewed. The safety of the procedure was compared in a control group matched for weight and age, undergoing bronchoscopy without endobronchial biopsy. A consultant histopathologist assessed biopsy quality. RESULTS: 33 patients (mean age 31 months, range 4 to 59) underwent bronchoscopy and endobronchial biopsy, and were matched with 33 controls (mean age 28 months, range 3 to 52). There was no significant difference between groups in the number, type, or severity of complications occurring during or after the procedure. Biopsies from 30 of the 33 subjects could be assessed. Reticular basement membrane was identified in all 30; inflammation could be assessed in 26; areas of smooth muscle were present in 23. CONCLUSIONS: In a group of preschool children undergoing bronchoscopy under general anaesthetic, performance of endobronchial biopsy carried no extra risk. The quality of biopsies obtained was usually sufficient to allow an assessment of remodelling and inflammation.