[Nausea, vomiting and constipation in palliative care]. / Kvalme, oppkast og obstipasjon i palliasjonsbehandling.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen
; 126(5): 620-3, 2006 Feb 23.
Article
em Nor
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-16505875
ABSTRACT
Nausea/vomiting and constipation are frequent symptoms among patients with advanced disease and short survival expectancy. The aim of this paper is to present the aetiology, diagnostic work-up, prophylaxis and treatment of these symptoms in palliative patients, based on a literature review and clinical experience. Nausea/vomiting is not a diagnosis, but symptoms with multiple causes. There is no universally applicable treatment approach. General guidelines for good treatment are 1) impeccable assessment and work-up, 2) choice of treatment according to underlying causes and involved mechanisms, 3) pharmacological treatment applied jointly with non-pharmacological measures, 4) thorough follow-up and readjustment of treatment. During work-up, or if underlying causes can not be identified, metoclopramide, alternatively haloperidol, is the first drug of choice. Oral administration should be avoided until vomiting is controlled. Adequate hydration is important. The same general guidelines are applicable to handle constipation. However, prophylactic measures are also essential, focusing on risk factors (fluid intake, activity and toilet accommodations). Stool softening laxatives should be administered, (polyethylene glycol or lactulose), and if needed, combined with a bowel stimulant (bisacodyl or sodium picosulphate). Opioid use is among the most common causes of constipation and prescription of opioids should always be accompanied by prescription of laxatives. Exceptions are diarrhoea, ileostomy and dying patients.
Buscar no Google
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Cuidados Paliativos
/
Assistência Terminal
/
Vômito
/
Constipação Intestinal
/
Náusea
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
Nor
Ano de publicação:
2006
Tipo de documento:
Article