[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Practical management of vascular complications]. / Thrombopénies induites par l'héparine. Attitude pratique face aux complications vasculaires.

The authors report 23 cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with vascular complications. The clinical presentation consisted of arterial ischaemia in 16 cases, hemiplegia in 1 case, 4 cases of blue thrombophlebitis, 1 case of bilateral thrombophlebitis, 1 case of pulmonary embolism. The vascular surgeon faced with such emergency complications must be aware of the difficulties of clinical (atypical forms) and laboratory diagnosis (unreliability of platelet aggregability tests). Arterial occlusions are generally accessible to treatment with a Fogarty catheter during an operation performed without the use of heparin. The excessively frequent delay in diagnosis explains the severity of these complications and 2 deaths, 1 case of paraplegia, 4 cases of amputation secondary to arterial occlusion, 4 cases of severe postphlebitis disease, including 2 cases requiring transmetatarsal amputation and one case of pulmonary sequelae after pulmonary embolism were observed in our series of 23 patients. The diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia requires immediate discontinuation of heparin therapy. Replacement by low molecular weight heparin is not devoid or risks and can only be considered with a negative platelet aggregability test (in the presence of low molecular weight heparin). As these test can be rarely performed as an emergency procedure, the use of rapid-acting oral anticoagulants appears to be the most reliable solution. The place of platelet antiaggregants and partial interruption of the inferior vena cava is discussed.