[Maternal chemoprophylaxis against group B Streptococcus colonization. The consequences of not adopting the international recommendation]. / Quimioprofilaxis para evitar la colonización materna por estreptococo grupo B. Consecuencias de no adoptar la recomendación internacional.

OBJECTIVE: To know the criteria which determine the chemoprophylaxis on pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and the impact in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis, identifying pregnant women with isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae on screening cultures, cervical swabs and urine culture. Two groups were analyzed, group 1 received chemoprophylaxis, and group 2 without chemoprophylaxis. Chi square was used to asses the difference between proportions. Chi square approximation to Poisson distribution was used to compare the means of neonatal infection. RESULTS: A total of 274 cultures were reported with GBS isolation, on 261 patients; 165 (60.2%) cervical swabs, 109 (39.7%) urine culture and 13 patients from 274 (4.7%) had positive culture on both specimens. Of this 261 patients, 53 (5.6%) received chemoprophylaxis during labor (p<0.05). The CDC criteria were followed accuracy on 29.2%. CONCLUSIONS: There have not been established criteria for screening colonization by GBS in Mexican pregnant women.