Enterococci in river Ganga surface waters: propensity of species distribution, dissemination of antimicrobial-resistance and virulence-markers among species along landscape.
BMC Microbiol
; 9: 140, 2009 Jul 18.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-19615089
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Surface waters quality has declined in developing countries due to rapid industrialization and population growth. The microbiological quality of river Ganga, a life-sustaining surface water resource for large population of northern India, is adversely affected by several point and non-point sources of pollution. Further, untreated surface waters are consumed for drinking and various household tasks in India making the public vulnerable to water-borne diseases and outbreaks. Enterococci, the 'indicator' of water quality, correlates best with the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases as well as prevalence of other pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution of species diversity, dissemination of antimicrobial-resistance and virulence-markers in enterococci with respect to rural-urban landscape along river Ganga in northern India.RESULTS:
Enterococci density (chi2 1900, df 1; p < 0.0001) increased from up-to-down gradient sites in the landscape. Species diversity exhibit significant (chi2 100.4, df 20; p < 0.0001) and progressive distribution of E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans and E. hirae down the gradient. Statistically discernible (p 0.0156 - < 0.0001) background pool of resistance and virulence was observed among different Enterococcus spp. recovered from five sites in the up-to-down gradient landscape. A significant correlation was observed in the distribution of multiple-antimicrobial-resistance (viz., erythromycin-rifampicin-gentamicin-methicillin and vancomycin-gentamicin-streptomycin; rs 0.9747; p 0.0083) and multiple-virulence-markers (viz., gelE+esp+; rs 0.9747; p 0.0083; gelE+efaA+; rs 0.8944; p 0.0417) among different Enterococcus spp.CONCLUSION:
Our observations show prevalence of multiple-antimicrobial-resistance as well as multiple-virulence traits among different Enterococcus spp. The observed high background pool of resistance and virulence in enterococci in river waters of populous countries has the potential to disseminate more alarming antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria of same or other lineage in the environment. Therefore, the presence of elevated levels of virulent enterococci with emerging vancomycin resistance in surface waters poses serious health risk in developing countries like India.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Microbiologia da Água
/
Monitoramento Ambiental
/
Enterococcus
/
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana
/
Rios
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2009
Tipo de documento:
Article