Novel Phaeoacremonium species associated with Petri disease and esca of grapevine in Iran and Spain.

Eight Phaeoacremonium (Pm.) isolates from grapevines in Iran and Spain were studied with morphological and cultural characteristics as well as phylogenetic analyses of combined DNA sequences of the actin and beta-tubulin genes. Two new species are described. Pm. cinereum was isolated from a young vine in Spain and from older vines in Iran and can be identified by its distinct gray colonies on malt extract agar, an optimum growth temperature of 25 C and subulate type III phialides. Pm. hispanicum was isolated only once from a young vine in Spain and can be identified by the common occurrence of percurrently rejuvenating phialides, an optimum growth temperature of 20 C and predominant type II phialides.