Renal cell carcinoma with Xp11.2 translocation in a 7-year-old boy.

BACKGROUND: More than 90% of pediatric renal tumors are nephroblastomas while renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are rare in children (< 5%). PATIENT: According to the clinical diagnoses of a nephroblastoma stage IV a 7-year-old boy with a kidney tumor and peripheral pulmonary lesion was preoperatively treated for 8 weeks with Vincristine, Actinomycin D and Adriamycin. The resected kidney displayed a RCC with Xp11.2 translocation. There was no tumor regression and the pulmonary lesion was no longer detectable. Hence chemotherapy was put to a halt. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) would have allowed to adjust the tumor subtype. Prognosis of pediatric RCC with translocation seems more favourable than without translocation though definitive evidence will only be possible by documentation in a clinical diagnose-related register.