Antiulcerogenic effect of Croton urucurana Baillon bark.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Croton urucurana (Euphorbiaceae) bark is used to treat gastric ulcers. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted to confirm this therapeutic property. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the antiulcerogenic effect and any possible toxic effects of Croton urucurana bark in an induced gastric ulcer model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preventive and healing properties of Croton urucurana bark methanol extract (CUE) were evaluated in experimental models of acute (ethanol and indomethacin) and chronic (acetic acid) gastric ulcers. The gastric juice and mucous were evaluated using the pylorus ligation model, while the gastroprotective action of sulphydryl compounds and nitric oxide were analysed using the ethanol model. The toxicity was evaluated with acute and subacute toxicity tests. RESULTS: No signs of toxicity were observed in the parameters analysed. All of the CUE doses tested (50, 100 and 250mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 70.25, 95.40 and 98.71%, respectively. Treatment with 30mg/kg lansoprazole (positive control) inhibited 82.58% of the gastric lesions. In the indomethacin model, the 50, 100 and 250mg/kg doses of CUE significantly reduced gastric damage by 67.85, 82.50 and 71.01%, respectively, and the positive control, cimetidine (200mg/kg), reduced gastric damage by 91.02%. The CUE (100mg/kg) and cimetidine (200mg/kg) treatments significantly reduced the ulcerative pathology induced by acetic acid, promoting 81.55 and 72.62% healing, respectively. Nitric oxide did not change the cytoprotection generated by CUE. However, the antiulcerogenic activity of CUE appears to involve sulphydryl compounds because CUE activity was inhibited in animals receiving a sulphydryl compound blocker. In addition, CUE exhibited systemic effects, increasing mucous production and decreasing gastric acidity. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that Croton urucurana bark exerts gastroprotective activity in rats without causing toxicity. This effect appears to involve sulphydryl compounds, increasing mucus production and reducing gastric acidity.