Agency-communion and self-esteem relations are moderated by culture, religiosity, age, and sex: evidence for the "self-centrality breeds self-enhancement" principle.
J Pers
; 81(3): 261-75, 2013 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22812669
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
Who has high self-esteem? Is it ambitious, competitive, outgoing people-agentic personalities? Or is it caring, honest, understanding people-communal personalities? The literature on agency-communion and self-esteem is sparse, indirect, and inconsistent. Based on William James's theorizing, we propose the "self-centrality breeds self-enhancement" principle. Accordingly, agency will be linked to self-esteem, if agency is self-central. Conversely, communion will be linked to self-esteem, if communion is self-central. But what determines the self-centrality of agency and communion? The literature suggests that agency is self-central in agentic cultures, as well as among nonreligious individuals, men, and younger adults. Communion is self-central in communal cultures, as well as among religious individuals, women, and older adults.METHOD:
This study examined 187,957 people (47% female; mean age = 37.49 years, SD = 12.22) from 11 cultures. The large sample size afforded us the opportunity to test simultaneously the effect of all four moderators in a single two-level model (participants nested in cultures).RESULTS:
Results supported the unique moderating effect of culture, religiosity, age, and sex on the relation between agency-communion and self-esteem.CONCLUSIONS:
Agentic and communal people can both have high self-esteem, depending on self-centrality of agency and communion.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Personalidade
/
Religião
/
Autoimagem
/
Cultura
/
Autonomia Pessoal
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
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Male
/
Middle aged
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article