Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for influenza-associated mortality: evidence from an elderly cohort.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
; 7(4): 531-9, 2013 Jul.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22813463
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The effects of individual lifestyle factors on the mortality risk after influenza infection have not been explored.OBJECTIVES:
In this study, we assessed the modifying effects of cigarette smoking on mortality risks associated with influenza in a cohort of Hong Kong elders with a follow-up period of 1998-2009.METHODS:
We used the Cox proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates of weekly proportions of specimens positive for influenza (termed as influenza virus activity), to calculate the hazard ratio of mortality associated with a 10% increase in influenza virus activity for never, ex- and current smokers. Other individual lifestyle and socioeconomic factors as well as seasonal confounders were also added into the models.RESULTS:
The overall hazard ratio associated with influenza was 1·028 (95% confidence interval, 1·006, 1·051) for all natural cause mortality and 1·035 (1·003, 1·068) for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. We found that influenza-associated hazard ratio was greater in current and ex-smokers than in never smokers for mortality of all natural causes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.CONCLUSIONS:
The findings suggest that smoking might increase influenza-associated mortality risks among elders.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Fumar
/
Influenza Humana
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Aged
/
Aged80
/
Female
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Humans
/
Male
País/Região como assunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article