Botulinum neurotoxins: mechanism of action.
Toxicon
; 67: 87-93, 2013 Jun 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23201505
ABSTRACT
Botulinum neurotoxins are used clinically for conditions characterized by hyperexcitability of peripheral nerve terminals and hypersecretory syndromes. These neurotoxins are synthesized as precursor proteins with low activity, but their effects are mediated by the active form of the neurotoxin through a multistep mechanism. Following a high-affinity interaction with a protein receptor and polysialogangliosides on the synaptic membrane, botulinum neurotoxins enter the neuron and causes a sustained inhibition of synaptic transmission. The active neurotoxin is part of a high-molecular-weight complex that protects the neurotoxin from proteolytic degradation. Although complexing proteins do not affect diffusion of therapeutic neurotoxin, they may lead to the development of neutralizing antibodies that block responsiveness to it. Nerve terminal intoxication is reversible and its duration varies for different BoNT serotypes. Although it was previously assumed that botulinum neurotoxins exert effects only on the peripheral synapses, such as the neuromuscular junction, there is now substantial evidence that these neurotoxins affect neurotransmission at distal central nervous system sites as well.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Nervos Periféricos
/
Toxinas Botulínicas
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Transmissão Sináptica
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Terminações Nervosas
/
Neurônios
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Neurotoxinas
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article