Effects of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species on HIF-1α stabilization following clostridium difficile toxin exposure of the Caco-2 epithelial cell line.
Cell Physiol Biochem
; 32(2): 417-30, 2013.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23988581
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS:
Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) is proposed to provide a protective host-response to C. difficile intoxication. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether nitric oxide and/or reactive oxygen species produced during C. difficile toxin exposure could influence HIF-1α stability and initiate protection against epithelial cell damage. METHODS/RESULTS:
HIF-1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins were up-regulated whereas factor-inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) protein was down-regulated in Caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers with in vitro toxin exposure. We demonstrate using the biotin-switch assay that the stabilization of HIF-1α protein occurred via iNOS-dependent nitrosylation. Inhibition of iNOS activity by selective inhibitor (1400W) attenuated HIF-1α stabilization and exacerbated toxin-dependent disruptions in Caco-2 monolayer morphology and tight junctional integrity in vitro. Treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers with N-actylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), attenuated toxin-dependent increases in iNOS and HIF-1α protein levels but had no effect on FIH-1 responses. In addition, mice that were exposed to C. difficile toxin in vivo also demonstrated a significant increase in HIF-1α protein and nitrosylation levels.CONCLUSION:
Taken together, these data suggest that important synergistic actions exist between nitric oxide and ROS to stabilize HIF-1α and its innate, protective actions in the context of C. difficile toxin-mediated epithelial injury.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Toxinas Bacterianas
/
Clostridioides difficile
/
Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio
/
Células Epiteliais
/
Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia
/
Óxido Nítrico
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article