Understanding the relationship between smoking and pain.
Expert Rev Neurother
; 13(12): 1407-14, 2013 Dec.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24236905
ABSTRACT
This review provides an overview of evidence regarding several key mechanisms pertinent to understanding the co-occurrence of smoking dependence and pain, both potentially costly conditions, and highlights treatment implications and future research directions. We describe each of pain and smoking dependence and introduce a revised integrative reciprocal model that explains their co-occurrence. We then provide a selective review of evidence pertinent to direct and indirect pathways between variables postulated in the model. We also provide general recommendations for improving assessment and treatment of smokers with clinically significant pain. We conclude with a targeted agenda for future investigation of the co-occurrence of smoking and pain. Empirical efforts directed at testing postulates of the proposed integrative model may yield a better understanding of the nature of the relationship between these prevalent and costly health conditions as well as evidence-based preventive and treatment strategies for people who experience nicotine dependence and pain-related disability.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dor
/
Fumar
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Guideline
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2013
Tipo de documento:
Article