Simvastatin reduces burn injury-induced splenic apoptosis via downregulation of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have suggested that epidermal burn injuries are associated with inflammation and immune dysfunction. Simvastatin has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, we hypothesized that simvastatin protects against burn-induced apoptosis in the spleen via its anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS: Wild-type, tumor necrosis factor alpha knockout (TNF-α KO) and NF-κB KO mice were subjected to full-thickness burn injury or sham treatment. The mice then were treated with or without simvastatin, and the spleen was harvested to measure the extent of apoptosis. Expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB were also determined in spleen tissue and serum. RESULTS: Burn injury induced significant splenic apoptosis and systemic cytokine production. Simvastatin protected the spleen from apoptosis, reduced cytokine production in the serum, and increased the survival rate. Simvastatin decreased burn-induced TNF-α and NF-κB expression in the spleen and serum. TNF-α and NF-κB KO mice demonstrated lower levels of apoptosis in spleen in response to burn injury. Simvastatin did not further decrease burn-caused apoptosis and mortality in either strain of KO mice. CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin reduces burn-induced splenic apoptosis via downregulation of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway.