In vitro interaction of emerging contaminants with the cytochrome p450 system of Mediterranean deep-sea fish.

ABSTRACT

The interactions of emerging contaminants with the xenobiotic and endogenous metabolizing system of deep-sea fish were compared. The drugs diclofenac, fluoxetine, and gemfibrozil belong to different pharmaceutical classes with diverse mechanistic actions, and the personal care products triclosan, galaxolide, and nonylphenol are representative of antibacterial agents, nitro-musks, and surfactants, respectively. The fish compared are representative of the middle and lower slope of deep-sea habitats. The species were adults of Trachyrynchus scabrus, Mora moro, Cataetix laticeps, and Alepocehalus rostratus. The hepatic metabolic system studied were the activities associated with several cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYPs) 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), benzyloxy-4-[trifluoromethyl]-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD), and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD). Results showed differences in baseline activities and sensitivity to chemicals which were species, chemical, and pathway dependent. T. scabrous was the most sensitive species to chemical interactions with the xenobiotic and endogenous metabolizing (EROD and BFCOD) systems, especially in the case of diclofenac interference with BFCOD activity (IC50 = 15.7 ± 2.2 µM). Moreover, T. scabrous and A. rostratus possessed high basal ECOD activity, and this was greatly affected by in vitro exposure to diclofenac in T. scabrous also (IC50 = 6.86 ± 1.4 µM). These results highlight the sensitivity of marine fish to emerging contaminants and propose T. scabrous (middle slope) and A. rostratus (lower slope) as sentinels and the inclusion of ECOD activity as a sensitive biomarker to these exposures.