Realizing the full potential of insertion anodes for Mg-ion batteries through the nanostructuring of Sn.
Nano Lett
; 15(2): 1177-82, 2015 Feb 11.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25531653
ABSTRACT
Magnesium is of great interest as a replacement for lithium in next-generation ion-transfer batteries but Mg-metal anodes currently face critical challenges related to the formation of passivating layers during Mg-plating/stripping and anode-electrolyte-cathode incompatibilities. Alternative anode materials have the potential to greatly extend the spectrum of suitable electrolyte chemistries but must be systematically tailored for effective Mg(2+) storage. Using analytical (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) and ab initio modeling, we have investigated Mg(2+) insertion and extraction mechanisms and transformation processes in ß-SnSb nanoparticles (NPs), a promising Mg-alloying anode material. During the first several charge-discharge cycles (conditioning), the ß-SnSb particles irreversibly transform into a porous network of pure-Sn and Sb-rich subparticles, as Mg ions replace Sn atoms in the SnSb lattice. After electrochemical conditioning, small Sn particles/grains (<33 ± 20 nm) exhibit highly reversible Mg-storage, while the Sb-rich domains suffer substantial Mg trapping and contribute little to the system performance. This result strongly indicates that pure Sn can act as a high-capacity Mg-insertion anode as theoretically predicted, but that its performance is strongly size-dependent, and stable nanoscale Sn morphologies (<40 nm) are needed for superior, reversible Mg-storage and fast system kinetics.
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1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article