LV Apical Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Role of CMR.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This case illustrates an acute myocardial infarction with occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery complicated by apical ventricular rupture and apical thrombus. PROCEDURES An electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), coronary angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) guided optimal management of the patient. FINDINGS: Coronary angiography revealed multivessel disease with an ostial occlusion of the LAD. Echocardiography showed apical dilatation of the left ventricle with a large, echogenic mass at the apex. Contrast echocardiography confirmed the presence of a large apical thrombus, separated from the LV cavity by myocardium. A CMR showed a completed LAD infarct and a filling thrombus was noted in the aneurysmal apical region inferring a contained rupture of the LV apex. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS: Accurate and definitive delineation of unusual cardiac anatomy is best provided by complementary multimodality cardiac imaging, echocardiography and CMR. TTE can miss LV thrombi, particularly when they are large, aneurysmal and apical in nature. CMR provides the cardiac surgeon the ability to visualise in 3D the functional and morphological abnormalities, helping guide necessary intervention. Optimal management of patients with ventricular rupture remains controversial both in terms of timing and choice of intervention.