Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator promotes, and progesterone attenuates, microglia/macrophage M1 polarization and recruitment of microglia after MCAO stroke in rats.
Brain Behav Immun
; 49: 267-79, 2015 Oct.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-26093305
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is one of the few approved treatments for stroke, but its effects on the phenotype of microglia/macrophages are poorly understood. One of its side effects is an increase in the inflammatory response leading to neuronal cell damage and death in the ischemic cascade after stroke. Injury-induced activated microglia/macrophages can have dual functions as pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) factors in brain injury and repair. Recent studies show that progesterone (PROG) is a potent anti-inflammatory agent which affects microglia/macrophage expression after brain injury.PURPOSE:
We examined the interaction of tPA-induced expression of microglia/macrophage phenotypes and PROG's anti-inflammatory effects.RESULTS:
tPA treatment increased the recruitment of microglia/macrophages, the polarity of M1 reactions, the expression of MIP-1α in neurons and capillaries, and the expression of MMP-3 compared to vehicle, and PROG modulated these effects.CONCLUSIONS:
PROG treatment attenuates tPA-induced inflammatory alterations in brain capillaries and microglia/macrophages both in vivo and in vitro and thus may be a useful adjunct therapy when tPA is given for stroke.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Progesterona
/
Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual
/
Microglia
/
Acidente Vascular Cerebral
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Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média
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Macrófagos
/
Anti-Inflamatórios
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article