Influence of Trap Distance From a Source Population and Multiple Traps on Captures and Attack Densities of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).

ABSTRACT

The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, is the principal vector of laurel wilt disease in North America. Lures incorporating essential oils of manuka plants ( Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forster & G. Forster) or cubeb seeds ( Piper cubeba L.f.) are the most effective in-flight attractants to date. Using grids of traps baited with these essential oil lures, we evaluated 1) the effect of trap distance from a source beetle population on beetle captures, 2) the feasibility of trapping out low-density beetle populations, and 3) the effect of trap spacing on beetle captures. In the first experiment, increasing trap distance up to 300 m from a source X. glabratus population had little effect on beetle captures. In a second experiment conducted in a study area with very low beetle densities, trapping for 5 mo prior to deploying freshly cut, uninfested redbay bolts had no effect on subsequent attack densities. In a third experiment, numbers of X. glabratus captured in traps in the center of a grid of nine traps spaced 1 or 5 m apart were compared with lone baited or unbaited traps 30 m away. Relative to the more distant traps, the grid of baited traps neither increased captures in the unbaited center trap nor decreased captures in the baited center trap, regardless of spacing. The results suggest that the effective trapping distance of essential oil lures for X. glabratus is <1 m, and that newer, more attractive lures will be needed to be useful in managing X. glabratus populations.