Human papillomavirus epidemiology and vaccine recommendations: selected review of the recent literature.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article provides a clinically relevant review and analysis of the latest research and recommendations regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. RECENT FINDINGS: Although studies have found that bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines are well tolerated and effective, high-risk HPV types not included in these vaccines are responsible for a significant burden of disease worldwide. Clinical trials have found that the recently licensed 9-valent vaccine, which includes five additional high-risk HPV types, is well tolerated and efficacious. This vaccine was added to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices HPV vaccination recommendations in 2015. A two-dose series in girls and boys 9-14 years old with a 6- or 12-month interval between doses has been shown to result in antibody titers noninferior to those measured after the three-dose series in women 16-26 years old. The Food and Drug Administration is considering these data. SUMMARY: Recent publications highlight the safety and effectiveness of HPV vaccines, the licensure of the 9-valent HPV vaccine, and the revision of HPV vaccine recommendations.