Perinatal outcome of macrosomic infants born to diabetic versus non-diabetic mothers. / Resultados perinatales entre macrosomas hijos de madre diabética y macrosomas hijos de madre no diabética.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and perinatal complications of macrosomic infants born to diabetic and non-diabetic mothers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A six-year retrospective study of newborns at our hospital. A total of 996 macrosomic newborns were found. Maternal characteristics, mode of delivery, and perinatal outcomes were studied. RESULTS: Of 18005 newborns, 996 were macrosomic infants (5.53%). Of these, 103 (10.3%) were born to diabetic mothers. Diabetic mothers had higher parity (1.89 vs. 1.35; P<0.000), cesarean section rate (52.4 vs. 31.1%; P<0.05), and resuscitation rate (5.8 vs. 1.8%; P<0.006; RR 2.9; 95% CI 1.42-5.9), and greater need for hospitalization (19.4 vs. 9.6%; p<0.002; RR 2; 95% CI 1.3-3.2) and intensive care (5.8 vs. 0.7%; P<0.000; RR 5.3; 95% CI 2.8-10) mostly for hypoglycemia (7.8 vs. 1%; P<0.000; RR 5; 95% CI 2.8-8.3), jaundice (8.7 vs. 2.1%; P<0.000; RR 3.1; 95% CI 1.9-5.9), respiratory distress (4.9 vs. 1.3%; P<0.009; RR 2.9; 95% CI 1.4-6.7), and asphyxia (2.9 vs. 0.4%; P<0.005; RR 4.3; 95% CI 1.8-11.1). No differences were found in birth trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Macrosomic infants born to diabetic mothers have an increased risk of hospital admission in the neonatal period for hypoglycemia, jaundice, respiratory distress, and asphyxia, and a greater need of intensive care. Obstetric trauma rates were similar in both groups.