[The effect and injury to the airways of different sputum aspiration pressure in a rat model of mucus hypersecretion].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimal pressure of sputum aspiration to ensure the effectiveness and safety of clinical operation. METHODS: We established a rabbit model of airway mucus hypersecretion by aerosol acrolein inhalation, and the animals were divided into 4 groups randomly with different sputum aspiration pressure as follows: group A -75 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), group B -150 mmHg, group C -225 mmHg, group D -300 mmHg. Sputum aspiration efficiency and tracheal mucosal damage degree were evaluated by sputum volume, oxygen saturation changes, the pathological sections of tracheal mucosa and the expressions of IL-1ß and TNF-α in airway secretion. RESULTS: The sputum suction volume of group A, B, C, D were (2.72±0.24), (4.81±0.32), (5.03±0.37) and (6.29±0.51) ml, respectively, which was significantly higher in group D, but lower in group A, as compared to other groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between B and C groups. The maximal SpO2 decrease of C and D groups [(18.1±5.2)% and(32.4±8.4)%]were significantly higher than those in A and B groups [(4.4±1.7)% and (6.3±2.9)%], and group D was significantly more than group C, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between A and B groups. HE staining of tracheal mucosa in C and D groups showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration and mucosal damage were more serious than A and B groups, but the airway mucosal damage of group A was the least. CONCLUSION: The pressure of -150 mmHg was more effective with high oxygen saturation and less airway injury, which may be suitable for clinical sputum aspiration.