Cloning and expression study of a Toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) gene from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus.

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in mammals is a member of the ancient Toll-like family of receptors that predominantly recognizes conserved components of Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, a tlr2 gene and its 5'-flanking sequence were cloned from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, its responsive expressions to various immunostimulants were subsequently studied in vivo. The turbot (sm)tlr2 gene spans over 9.0 kb with a structure of 12 exon-11 intron and encodes 816 amino acids. The deduced protein shows the highest sequence identity (76.1%) to Japanese flounder Tlr2 and possesses a signal peptide sequence, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain composed of 19 LRR motifs, a transmembrane region and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis grouped it with other neoteleostei Tlr2as. A number of transcription factor binding sites known to be important for the basal transcriptional activity of TLR3 and response of TLR2 to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signalling in mammals were predicted in the 5'-flanking sequence of smtlr2. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated the constitutive expression of smtlr2 mRNA in all twelve examined tissues with higher levels in the lymphomyeloid-rich tissues and liver. Further, smtlr2 expression was up-regulated following stimulation with LPS, peptidoglycan (PGN) or polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] in the gills, head kidney, spleen and muscle. Finally, for all three immunostimulants, a two-wave induced smtlr2 expression was observed in the head kidney and spleen in a 7-day time course and the strongest inducibility in the head kidney. These findings suggest a possible role of Smtlr2 in the immune responses to the infections of a broad range of pathogens that include Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and RNA virus.