Sorption, degradation and transport phenomena of alcohol ethoxysulfates in agricultural soils. Laboratory studies.

ABSTRACT

In the present work, laboratory studies were conducted in order to determine and model the sorption, degradation and transport processes of alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES), one of the most important groups of anionic surfactants. Adsorption/desorption isotherms were obtained for several structurally related AES ethoxymers (homologue AES-C12En with n = 0-10 ethoxymer units and homologue AES-C14En with n = 0-7 ethoxymer units) using a batch equilibrium method. Data were fitted to a linear and a Freundlich isotherm models. Additionally, experiments in continuous-flow soil columns were also carried out and the breakthrough curves observed for each compound were studied. Breakthrough curves were used to determine the fundamental parameters of the transport model (hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, degradation rate constant and adsorption/desorption isotherm slope), that is the main phenomena that take place simultaneously when AES move through agricultural soil. When the results obtained for the AES ethoxymers are combined, they reveal a clear and consistent trend towards a sorption increase with the number of ethoxylated units and with the length of the alkyl chain that opens the possibility to estimate the values of the transport parameters for other structurally related ethoxymers.