Function of a thermophilic archaeal chaperonin is enhanced by electrostatic interactions with its targets.

Molecular chaperonin CpkB from Thermococcus kodakarensis possesses a unique negatively charged carboxy-terminal region that functions in target protein recognition. In the present study, green fluorescent protein (GFP), 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4OTA) and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) were fused with a positively charged tag, selected using docking simulation in silico, to enhance their electrostatic interactions with CpkB. Target proteins were heated at 75°C in the presence or absence of CpkB, and the remaining enzymatic activity was measured. The half-life (t1/2) of the positively charged tagged targets was significantly longer than that of their tagless counterparts. Escherichia coli cell extracts containing heterologously expressed targets (GFP, 4OTA and GFAT and their tagged variants) were incubated at 75°C in the presence or absence of CpkB, and the proportion remaining in the soluble fraction was evaluated by SDS-PAGE. Only positively charged tagged targets remained predominantly in the soluble fraction in the presence of CpkB but not in the absence of CpkB. When tagless or negatively charged tagged targets were employed, the targets were barely detected in the soluble fraction, suggesting that CpkB protected positively charged tagged proteins more efficiently than tagless targets. Attachment of a positively charged tag may be a generally applicable method for enhancing target recognition by chaperonins carrying negatively charged carboxy-terminal regions, such as the archaeal chaperonin CpkB.