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Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Humans.
Ecker, Christine; Schmeisser, Michael J; Loth, Eva; Murphy, Declan G.
Afiliação
  • Ecker C; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. christine.ecker@kgu.de.
  • Schmeisser MJ; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK. christine.ecker@kgu.de.
  • Loth E; Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
  • Murphy DG; Division of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol ; 224: 27-48, 2017.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28551749
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with differences in brain anatomy and connectivity. Yet, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin the atypical developmental of the brain in ASD remain poorly understood. Here, we review the findings of in vivo neuroimaging studies examining the time course of atypical brain development in ASD and relate the different neurodevelopmental stages that are atypical in ASD to the known neurobiological mechanisms that drive the maturation of the typically developing brain. In particular, we focus on the notion of 'early brain overgrowth' in ASD, which may lead to differences in the formation of the brain's micro- and macro-circuitry. Moreover, we attempt to link the in vivo reports describing differences in brain anatomy and connectivity on the macroscopic level to the increasing number of post-mortem studies examining the neural architecture of the brain in ASD on the microscopic level. In addition, we discuss future directions and outstanding questions in this particular field of research and highlight the need for establishing the link between micro- and macro-pathology in the same set of individuals with ASD based on advances in genetic, molecular and imaging techniques. In combination, these may proof to be invaluable for patient stratification and the development of novel pharmacotherapies in the future.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Transtorno do Espectro Autista Tipo de estudo: Diagnostic_studies Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Transtorno do Espectro Autista Tipo de estudo: Diagnostic_studies Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2017 Tipo de documento: Article