The intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of galectin-3 dynamically mediates multisite self-association of the protein through fuzzy interactions.
J Biol Chem
; 292(43): 17845-17856, 2017 10 27.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28893908
ABSTRACT
Galectins are a family of lectins that bind ß-galactosides through their conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and can induce aggregation with glycoproteins or glycolipids on the cell surface and thereby regulate cell activation, migration, adhesion, and signaling. Galectin-3 has an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain and a canonical CRD. Unlike the other 14 known galectins in mammalian cells, which have dimeric or tandem-repeated CRDs enabling multivalency for various functions, galectin-3 is monomeric, and its functional multivalency therefore is somewhat of a mystery. Here, we used NMR spectroscopy, mutagenesis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and computational modeling to study the self-association-related multivalency of galectin-3 at the residue-specific level. We show that the disordered N-terminal domain (residues â¼20-100) interacts with itself and with a part of the CRD not involved in carbohydrate recognition (ß-strands 7-9; residues â¼200-220), forming a fuzzy complex via inter- and intramolecular interactions, mainly through hydrophobicity. These fuzzy interactions are characteristic of intrinsically disordered proteins to achieve liquid-liquid phase separation, and we demonstrated that galectin-3 can also undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. We propose that galectin-3 may achieve multivalency through this multisite self-association mechanism facilitated by fuzzy interactions.
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Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Galectina 3
/
Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article