Evaluation of the Effect of Phototherapy in Patients with Mandibular Fracture on Mandibular Dynamics, Pain, Edema, and Bite Force: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on bite force, facial swelling, mandibular movements, and pain in patients having undergone surgical treatment for mandibular fractures. BACKGROUND: These are among the predominant types of facial fractures, and treatment involving surgical fixation with titanium plates is one of the most common procedures in oral-maxillofacial surgery. Phototherapy has been used to accelerate the muscle healing process and significantly improves muscle regeneration by inducing the formation of new muscle fibers. METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1-active phototherapy, and Group 2-sham phototherapy. Both groups underwent the surgical procedure by the same surgeon using the same surgical technique. Dosimetric parameters are wavelength, 660 nm; power, 108 mW; radiant energy, 21.6 J; fluency, 21.6 J/cm2; radiance, 38197 mW/cm2; exposure time, 200 sec per point, 10 points bilaterally. Photobiomodulation was performed in 15 sessions. RESULTS: The primary variable was bite force measured with a gnathodynamometer and the secondary variables were facial swelling, mandibular movements (measured with digital calipers), and pain. The Student's t-test was used to determine intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest improvements in the laser group in comparison with the sham group with regard to mandibular dynamics, a reduction in postoperative facial swelling, a reduction in pain, and an increase in bite force.