Contraception Update: Progestin-Only Implants and Injections.

ABSTRACT

Progestin-only contraception is a popular method of birth control in the United States and worldwide. Progestin-only implants and injections allow patients access to long-term contraception with simple options for reversal or removal. The implant is one of the most effective forms of contraception and there are few contraindications. Manufacturer-led training is required to become certified in insertion and removal. The most common adverse effect of the implant is a change in menstrual bleeding patterns. Little evidence has shown weight gain or decreased bone mineral density with use. The depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection is used widely and is effective. Adverse effects that may limit use include changes in bleeding patterns and bone mineral density loss, which is reversible after discontinuation. The risk of weight gain with DMPA is greatest in obese adolescents and black patients. There is no significantly increased risk of cancer with either method. Both are safe for use in the postpartum period, during breastfeeding, and immediately after abortion.