A mutation update on the LDS-associated genes TGFB2/3 and SMAD2/3.
Hum Mutat
; 39(5): 621-634, 2018 05.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29392890
ABSTRACT
The Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder affecting the cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular system. Most typically, LDS patients present with aortic aneurysms and arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism, and bifid/broad uvula or cleft palate. Initially, mutations in transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) were described to cause LDS, hereby leading to impaired TGF-ß signaling. More recently, TGF-ß ligands, TGFB2 and TGFB3, as well as intracellular downstream effectors of the TGF-ß pathway, SMAD2 and SMAD3, were shown to be involved in LDS. This emphasizes the role of disturbed TGF-ß signaling in LDS pathogenesis. Since most literature so far has focused on TGFBR1/2, we provide a comprehensive review on the known and some novel TGFB2/3 and SMAD2/3 mutations. For TGFB2 and SMAD3, the clinical manifestations, both of the patients previously described in the literature and our newly reported patients, are summarized in detail. This clearly indicates that LDS concerns a disorder with a broad phenotypical spectrum that is still emerging as more patients will be identified. All mutations described here are present in the corresponding Leiden Open Variant Database.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Proteína Smad2
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Proteína Smad3
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Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta2
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Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta3
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Síndrome de Loeys-Dietz
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Estudos de Associação Genética
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Mutação
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
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Prognostic_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article