Mining the Chemical Information on Urban Wastewater: Monitoring Human Exposure to Phosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers.
Environ Sci Technol
; 52(12): 6996-7005, 2018 06 19.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29798668
ABSTRACT
At the individual level, exposure to contaminants is generally assessed through the analysis of specific biomarkers in biological matrices. However, these studies are costly and logistically demanding, limiting their applicability to monitor population-wide exposure over time and space. By focusing on a selection of exposure biomarkers to phosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (PFRs), this study aims to explore the possibility of using wastewater as a complementary source of information about exposure. Wastewater samples were collected from five cities in Europe and analyzed using a previously established method. Substantial differences in biomarker levels were observed between the investigated catchments, suggesting differences in exposure. Time trends in biomarkers observed between 2013 and 2016 were found to agree with results from human biomonitoring studies and reports about production volumes. Using Monte Carlo simulations, average urinary concentrations were estimated. These were generally higher compared to results from human biomonitoring studies. Various explanations for these differences were formulated (i.e., other excretion routes, external sources and different sampling approaches). Obtained results show that wastewater analysis provides unique information about geographical and temporal differences in exposure, which would be difficult to gather using other monitoring tools.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Retardadores de Chama
Limite:
Humans
País/Região como assunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2018
Tipo de documento:
Article