The deletion of the protein phosphatase 1 regulator NIPP1 in testis causes hyperphosphorylation and degradation of the histone methyltransferase EZH2.

ABSTRACT

Germ cell proliferation is epigenetically controlled, mainly through DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, the pivotal epigenetic regulators of germ cell self-renewal and differentiation in postnatal testis are still poorly defined. The histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2, represses target genes through trimethylation of histone H3 at Lys-27 (H3K27me3), and interacts (in)directly with both protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1). Here, we report that postnatal, testis-specific ablation of NIPP1 in mice results in loss of EZH2 and reduces H3K27me3 levels. Mechanistically, the NIPP1 deletion abrogated PP1-mediated EZH2 dephosphorylation at two cyclin-dependent kinase sites (Thr-345/487), thereby generating hyperphosphorylated EZH2, which is a substrate for proteolytic degradation. Accordingly, alanine mutation of these residues prolonged the half-life of EZH2 in male germ cells. Our study discloses a key role for the PP1NIPP1 holoenzyme in stabilizing EZH2 and maintaining the H3K27me3 mark on genes that are important for germ cell development and spermatogenesis.