In Situ Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) Microscopy Study of the Dissolution of Sustained-Release Implant Formulation.

ABSTRACT

Localized drug delivery systems (DDSs) provide therapeutic levels of drug agent while mitigating side effects of systemic delivery. These systems offer controlled release over extended periods of time making them attractive therapies. Monitoring drug dissolution is vital for developing safe and effective means of drug delivery. Currently, dissolution characterization methods are limited to bulk analysis and cannot provide dissolution kinetics at high spatial resolution. However, dissolution rates of drug particles can be heterogeneous with influences from many factors. Insights into finer spatiotemporal dynamics of single particle dissolution could potentially improve pharmacokinetic modeling of dissolution for future drug development. In this work, we demonstrate high-resolution chemical mapping of entecavir, a hepatitis B antiviral drug, embedded in a slow release poly(d,l-lactic acid) formulation with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. By tracking the volume change of individual micron-sized drug particles within the polymer matrix, we establish an analytical protocol for quantitatively profiling dissolution of single crystalline particles in implant formulations in an in situ manner.