Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against Rotavirus Hospitalizations Among Children in Zimbabwe.
Clin Infect Dis
; 69(8): 1339-1344, 2019 09 27.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30590488
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Rotavirus is a leading cause of mortality among children <5 years old. We evaluated monovalent rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) under conditions of routine use at 2 surveillance sites in Harare, Zimbabwe, after vaccine introduction in May 2014.METHODS:
Children aged <5 years hospitalized or treated in the accident and emergency department (A&E) for acute watery diarrhea were enrolled for routine surveillance. Copies of vaccination cards were collected to document vaccination status. Among children age-eligible to receive rotavirus vaccine, we estimated VE, calculated as 1 - odds ratio, using a test-negative case-control design.RESULTS:
We included 903 rotavirus-positive cases and 2685 rotavirus-negative controls in the analysis; 99% had verified vaccination status. Rotavirus-positive children had more severe diarrhea than rotavirus-negative children; 61% of cases and 46% of controls had a Vesikari score ≥11 (P < .01). Among cases and controls, 31% and 37%, respectively, were stunted for their age (P < .01). Among children 6-11 months old, adjusted 2-dose VE against hospitalization or treatment in A&E due to rotavirus of any severity was 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21%-81%) and 68% (95% CI, 13%-88%) against severe rotavirus disease. Stratified by nutritional status, adjusted VE was 45% (95% CI, -148% to 88%) among stunted infants and 71% (95% CI, 29%-88%) among infants with a normal height for age.CONCLUSIONS:
Monovalent rotavirus vaccine is effective in preventing hospitalizations due to severe rotavirus diarrhea among infants in Zimbabwe, providing additional evidence for countries considering rotavirus vaccine introduction that live, oral rotavirus vaccines are effective in high-child-mortality settings.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Infecções por Rotavirus
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Vacinação
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Rotavirus
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Vacinas contra Rotavirus
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Gastroenterite
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
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Observational_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Child, preschool
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Female
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Humans
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Infant
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Male
País/Região como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article