Signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification during hyperphosphatemia.
Cell Mol Life Sci
; 76(11): 2077-2091, 2019 Jun.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30887097
ABSTRACT
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia is considered a decisive determinant of vascular calcification in CKD. A critical role in initiation and progression of vascular calcification during elevated phosphate conditions is attributed to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are able to change their phenotype into osteo-/chondroblasts-like cells. These transdifferentiated VSMCs actively promote calcification in the medial layer of the arteries by producing a local pro-calcifying environment as well as nidus sites for precipitation of calcium and phosphate and growth of calcium phosphate crystals. Elevated extracellular phosphate induces osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs through complex intracellular signaling pathways, which are still incompletely understood. The present review addresses critical intracellular pathways controlling osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and, thus, vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Elucidating these pathways holds a significant promise to open novel therapeutic opportunities counteracting the progression of vascular calcification in CKD.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transdução de Sinais
/
Miócitos de Músculo Liso
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Insuficiência Renal Crônica
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Hiperfosfatemia
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Calcificação Vascular
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Músculo Liso Vascular
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article