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Pharmacokinetic considerations in pediatric pharmacotherapy.
Lim, Sin Yin; Pettit, Rebecca S.
Afiliação
  • Lim SY; University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK.
  • Pettit RS; Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, IN.
Am J Health Syst Pharm ; 76(19): 1472-1480, 2019 Sep 16.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31532503
PURPOSE: The changes in physiological functions as children grow and organ systems mature result in pharmacokinetic alterations throughout childhood. These alterations in children result in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs that are different from those seen in the typical adult diseased population. SUMMARY: Changes in gastrointestinal motility and gastric pH in neonates and infants affect the absorption rate and bioavailability of drugs. Skin absorption rate and extent can be altered by different skin structures and perfusion in young children. Intramuscular and rectal absorption become less predictable in children due to erratic absorption site perfusion and other factors. Children's body compositions also differ greatly from that in adults. Water-soluble drugs distribute more extensively in newborns due to larger water content than in older children and adults. Drug elimination and excretion are also affected in pediatric population due to differences in liver and renal function. Immature enzyme development and renal function result in reduced clearance of drugs in young children. There are limited pharmacokinetic data available for many drugs used in children. CONCLUSION: Considering the changes in pharmacokinetics in children can help pharmacists optimize the dosing and monitoring of drugs and do the best they can to help this vulnerable population.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Farmacocinética / Taxa de Depuração Metabólica / Desenvolvimento Infantil / Desenvolvimento do Adolescente / Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Child, preschool / Humans / Infant / Newborn Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Farmacocinética / Taxa de Depuração Metabólica / Desenvolvimento Infantil / Desenvolvimento do Adolescente / Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso Tipo de estudo: Prognostic_studies Limite: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Child, preschool / Humans / Infant / Newborn Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2019 Tipo de documento: Article