Fluoride exposure and sleep patterns among older adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2015-2016.
Environ Health
; 18(1): 106, 2019 12 09.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31818308
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Fluoride from environmental sources accumulates preferentially in the pineal gland which produces melatonin, the hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. However, the effects of fluoride on sleep regulation remain unknown. This population-based study examined whether chronic low-level fluoride exposure is associated with sleep patterns and daytime sleepiness among older adolescents in the United States (US).METHOD:
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2016). We analyzed data from adolescents who had plasma fluoride (n = 473) and water fluoride (n = 419) measures and were not prescribed medication for sleep disorders. Relationships between fluoride exposure and self-reported sleep patterns or daytime sleepiness were examined using survey-weighted linear, binomial logistic or multinomial logistic regression after covariate adjustment. A Holm-Bonferroni correction accounted for multiple comparisons.RESULTS:
The average age of adolescents was 17 years (range = 16-19). Median (IQR) water and plasma fluoride concentrations were 0.27 (0.52) mg/L and 0.29 (0.19) µmol/L respectively. An IQR increase in water fluoride was associated with 1.97 times higher odds of reporting symptoms suggestive of sleep apnea (95% CI 1.27, 3.05; p = 0.02), a 24 min later bedtime (B = 0.40, 95% CI 0.10, 0.70; p = 0.05), a 26 min later morning wake time (B = 0.43, 95% CI 0.13, 0.73; p = 0.04), and among males, a 38% reduction in the odds of reporting snoring (95% CI 0.45, 0.87, p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS:
Fluoride exposure may contribute to changes in sleep cycle regulation and sleep behaviors among older adolescents in the US. Additional prospective studies are warranted to examine the effects of fluoride on sleep patterns and determine critical windows of vulnerability for potential effects.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Transtornos do Sono-Vigília
/
Água Potável
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Exposição Ambiental
/
Fluoretos
Tipo de estudo:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adolescent
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
País/Região como assunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article