Twin MRI studies on genetic and environmental determinants of brain morphology and function in the early lifespan.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
; 109: 139-149, 2020 02.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31911159
ABSTRACT
Neurodevelopment represents a period of increased opportunity and vulnerability, during which a complex confluence of genetic and environmental factors influences brain growth trajectories, cognitive and mental health outcomes. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on twins have increased our knowledge of the extent to which genes, the environment and their interactions shape inter-individual brain variability. The present review draws from highly salient MRI studies in young twin samples to provide a robust assessment of the heritability of structural and functional brain changes during development. The available studies suggest that (as with many other traits), global brain morphology and network organization are highly heritable from early childhood to young adulthood. Conversely, genetic correlations among brain regions exhibit heterogeneous trajectories, and this heterogeneity reflects the progressive, experience-related increase in brain network complexity. Studies also support the key role of environment in mediating brain network differentiation via changes of genetic expression and hormonal levels. Thus, rest- and task-related functional brain circuits seem to result from a contextual and dynamic expression of heritability.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Encéfalo
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Estudos em Gêmeos como Assunto
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Neuroimagem
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Interação Gene-Ambiente
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Desenvolvimento Humano
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Rede Nervosa
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Adolescent
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Adult
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Child
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Child, preschool
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Humans
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Infant
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article