Well Water and Parkinson's Disease in Medicare Beneficiaries: A Nationwide Case-Control Study.
J Parkinsons Dis
; 10(2): 693-705, 2020.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32083591
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Well water frequently is considered a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), but few studies were designed appropriately to test whether geographic factors affect PD risk.OBJECTIVE:
To determine the risk of PD in relation to residential use of private well water.METHODS:
In a nationwide, population-based case-control study, we identified all incident PD cases (Nâ=â89,790) and all comparable controls (Nâ=â21,549,400) age 66-90 who solely relied on Medicare coverage in the U.S. in 2009. We estimated the probability of use of private well water using zip code of residence at diagnosis/reference and U.S. Census data on household water source. We modeled this exposure linearly in logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PD risk in relation to well water use. We adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity, and verified that smoking and use of medical care did not confound results. We repeated analyses with a 2-year exposure lag and separately within each U.S. state.RESULTS:
Use of well water was inversely associated with PD risk (ORâ=â0.87, 95% CI 0.85-0.89). We confirmed this association in a Cox survival analysis in which we followed controls for 5 years, death or PD diagnosis. There was little evidence that well water use increased risk of PD in any individual state.CONCLUSIONS:
Although it remains possible that exposures in well water in more narrow geographic regions increase PD risk, in general these results suggest that exposures more common in urban/suburban areas might also be relevant.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doença de Parkinson
/
Água Potável
/
Medicare
/
Poços de Água
Tipo de estudo:
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Aged
/
Aged80
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
País/Região como assunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2020
Tipo de documento:
Article