Mental health and gender transitioning among hijra individuals: a qualitative approach using the minority stress model.

ABSTRACT

This study used the minority stress model to explore experiences of gender transitioning among hijra (trans woman) individuals in Mumbai, India. It used a qualitative life history calendar approach to examine transitioning as a critical life experience in a chronological manner. Twenty hijra-identified persons were recruited using purposive snowball sampling and interviewed at a community-based organisation. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Participants reported diverse experiences living as hijra and shared perspectives on transitioning. Most participants identified to undergo transitioning at their own will. Many cited biological families as a factor that restricted or delayed transitioning, while gharana (congregation of hijras) and gurus were listed as sources of support. Participants also differed in the reasons given for transitioning, expectations, types of practices, and issues of access and support. Transitioning was described as an integral part of their experiences as hijra and developing a congruent self. Implications of the study include the need to engage communities in determining their needs and social support, provide holistic transitioning services at public hospitals, and develop technical and cultural sensitivity training for health professionals.