Quantitative evaluation of posterior talar subluxation in posterior malleolar fractures: A preliminary study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUNDS Although ankle posterior subluxation is one of the major mechanisms by which posterior malleolar fractures (PMF) contribute to a worse prognosis, there is no parameter to address it quantitatively. So, we suggest a method that can evaluate posterior talar subluxation quantitatively in PMF. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 37 patients with posterior malleolar fractures. The patients were divided into two groups PMF without posterior talar subluxation (n = 18) and with posterior talar subluxation (n = 19). We measured the distance between the arc center of the talus and the anterior tibia (TAD), the percentage of articular involvement of the fracture fragment, the inter-fragment distance (IFD) and articular step-off. We analyzed significant differences and the correlations between the two groups for each index. The estimated area of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated, and cutoff values were suggested to discriminate posterior talar subluxation. RESULTS: TAD, IFD, and articular step-off were significantly greater in patients with posterior talar subluxation. (TAD 14.3 vs. 2.8 mm, p < 0.001, IFD 7.8 vs. 4.0 mm, p < 0.001, articular step-off 3.6 vs. 2.0 mm, p = 0.004). The ROC curve showed that TAD was most useful to determine cutoff values for posterior talar subluxation. The area under the curve for TAD was 1.000, and the appropriate cutoff value was 5 mm. When a TAD of > 5 mm was used as a threshold, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% were achieved in determining the presence of posterior talar subluxation. Also, higher TAD was correlated with IFD and articular step-off. CONCLUSIONS: TAD can be a useful parameter for evaluating the posterior talar subluxation in PMF. It can reflect not only the degree of fracture displacement but also posterior talar subluxation quantitatively.