TGF-ß3 suppresses melanogenesis in human melanocytes cocultured with UV-irradiated neighboring cells and human skin.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the most well-known cause of skin pigmentation accompanied with photoaging. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 was previously shown to have anti-melanogenic property; however, it can induce scarring in skin. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of TGF-ß3 on melanogenesis in human melanocytes cocultured with UV-irradiated skin constituent cells, and UV-irradiated human skin. METHODS: UVB irradiation or treatment with stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was applied to human melanocytes cocultured with keratinocytes and/or fibroblasts and ex vivo human skin. Mechanistic pathways were further explored after treatment with TGF-ß3. RESULTS: While UVB irradiation or SCF/ET-1 enhanced melanogenesis, TGF-ß3 effectively inhibited melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity via downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway. TGF-ß3 increased the expression of differentiation markers of keratinocytes. CONCLUSION: TGF-ß3 effectively suppressed UVR-stimulated melanogenesis indicating that topical TGF-ß3 may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of UV-associated hyperpigmentation disorders.