Updates in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis using emerging imaging modalities, management strategy, and prevention of recurrent spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and provide a more extensive review of the current data. RECENT FINDINGS: SCAD generally affects women without conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Diagnosis and management of SCAD are challenging due to heterogeneity, undefined mechanisms, differing phenotypes, and a lack of strong clinical evidence. After reviewing the current evidence to date, we recommend conservative management, including cardiac rehabilitation for SCAD with low-risk features, while coronary revascularization should be considered in SCAD with high-risk features. Non-invasive imaging (e.g., coronary computed tomography angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, myocardial perfusion imaging) should be considered in diagnosing specific SCAD phenotypes. The standard guideline-based medical therapy for acute coronary syndrome, in the absence of contraindications, should be considered along with appropriate SCAD phenotypes. Discharge counseling and follow-up using emerging imaging modalities should be based on individuals' profiles and approached on a case by case basis.