Diagnostic evaluation of fatal Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in a captive Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) with identification of potential environmental source and evidence of chronic exposure.
Primates
; 62(1): 51-61, 2021 Jan.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32920664
ABSTRACT
A female Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) aged 11 years and 6 months was examined by veterinarians after caretakers observed lethargy and facial grimacing. Within 72 h the primate had left-sided hemiparesis that worsened over the next week. An MRI revealed a focal right-sided cerebral mass suspected to be a neoplasm. Ten days after onset of clinical signs, the orangutan died. On postmortem exam, the medial right parietal lobe was replaced by a 7 × 4 × 3.5 cm focus of neuromalacia and hemorrhage that displaced the lateral ventricle and abutted the corpus callosum. Histopathology of the cerebral lesion revealed pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis with intralesional amoeba trophozoites and rare cysts. Fresh parietal lobe was submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lab for multiplex free-living amoebae real-time PCR and detected Balamuthia mandrillaris DNA at a high burden. Mitochondrial DNA was sequenced, and a 760-bp locus 19443F/20251R was compared to several human infections of B. mandrillaris and shown to be identical to the isolates from four human cases of encephalitis 1998 in Australia, 1999 in California, 2000 in New York, and 2010 in Arizona. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing of stored serum samples indicated exposure to B. mandrillaris for at least 2 years prior to death. Within 1 week of the orangutan's death, water from the exhibit was analyzed and identified the presence of B. mandrillaris DNA, elucidating a possible source of exposure. B. mandrillaris, first reported in a mandrill in 1986, has since occurred in humans and animals and is now considered an important emerging pathogen.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Pongo pygmaeus
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Doenças dos Primatas
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Infecções Protozoárias do Sistema Nervoso Central
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Balamuthia mandrillaris
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Meningoencefalite
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
País/Região como assunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article